Marathe Deepak, Raghunathan Karthik, Singh Anshika, Thawale Prashant, Kumari Kanchan
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Dec 6;12:767132. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.767132. eCollection 2021.
The present study focuses on determining the phyto-treatment efficiency for treatment of moderately saline wastewater using organic raw materials, such as rice husk, coconut husk, rice straw, and charcoal. The moderately saline wastewater with total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration up to 6143.33 ± 5.77 mg/L was applied to the lysimeters at the rate of 200 m ha day in five different lysimeter treatments planted with (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). T1 was a control without any filter bedding material, whereas rice straw, rice husk, coconut husk, and charcoal were used as filter bedding materials in the T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatment systems, respectively. Each treatment showed significant treatment efficiency wherein T3 had the highest removal efficiency of 76.21% followed by T4 (67.57%), T5 (65.18%), T2 (46.46%), and T1 (45.5%). T3 and T4 also showed higher salt accumulation, such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K). Further, the pollution load in terms of TDS and chemical and biological oxygen demand significantly reduced from leachate in the T3 and T4 treatments in comparison with other treatments. Parameters of the soil, such as electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, and cation exchange capacity did not show values corresponding to high salinity or sodic soils, and therefore, no adverse impact on soil was observed in the present study. Also, plant species showed good response to wastewater treatment in terms of growth parameters, such as root/shoot weight and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content. Root and shoot dry weight were in the order T3 (51.2 and 44.6 g)>T4 (49.3 and 43.5 g) > T5 (47.6 and 40.5 g) > T2 (46.9 and 38.2 g) > T1 (45.6 and 37.1 g). Likewise, the total chlorophyll content was highest in T3 (12.6 μg/g) followed by T4 (12.3 μg/g), T5 (11.9 μg/g), T2 (11.5 μg/g), and the control, that is, T1 (11.0 μg/g). However, the most promising results were obtained for T3 and T4 treatments in comparison with the control (T1), which implies that, among all organic raw materials, coconut and rice husks showed the highest potential for salt accumulation and thereby wastewater treatment. Conclusively, the findings of the study suggest that organic raw material-based amendments are useful in managing the high salts levels in both plants and leachates.
本研究着重于确定使用有机原料（如稻壳、椰壳、稻草和木炭）处理中度含盐废水的植物处理效率。将总溶解固体（TDS）浓度高达6143.33±5.77mg/L的中度含盐废水以200m²/公顷·天的速率施用于五个不同的蒸渗仪处理（T1、T2、T3、T4和T5）中种植的植物。T1为无任何过滤垫层材料的对照，而在T2、T3、T4和T5处理系统中分别使用稻草、稻壳、椰壳和木炭作为过滤垫层材料。每个处理均显示出显著的处理效率，其中T3的去除效率最高，为76.21%，其次是T4（67.57%）、T5（65.18%）、T2（46.46%）和T1（45.5%）。T3和T4还显示出较高的盐分积累，如钠（Na）和钾（K）。此外，与其他处理相比，T3和T4处理中渗滤液的TDS以及化学需氧量和生物需氧量方面的污染负荷显著降低。土壤参数，如电导率、交换性钠百分比和阳离子交换容量，未显示出对应高盐度或盐碱土的值，因此，在本研究中未观察到对土壤的不利影响。而且，植物物种在生长参数方面，如根/茎重量和氮、磷、钾（NPK）吸收、株高、生物量和叶绿素含量，对废水处理表现出良好的响应。根和茎干重顺序为T3（51.2和44.6g）>T4（49.3和43.5g）>T5（47.6和40.5g）>T2（46.9和38.2g）>T1（45.6和37.1g）。同样，总叶绿素含量在T3中最高（12.6μg/g），其次是T4（12.3μg/g）、T5（11.9μg/g）、T2（11.5μg/g），对照即T1（11.0μg/g）。然而，与对照（T1）相比，T3和T4处理获得了最有前景的结果，这意味着在所有有机原料中，椰壳和稻壳在盐分积累及由此实现废水处理方面显示出最高潜力。总之，该研究结果表明基于有机原料的改良剂在管理植物和渗滤液中的高盐水平方面是有用的。
