Kebisek Julianna, Maule Alexis, Smith Jacob, Allman Matthew, Marquez Anthony, McCabe Ashleigh, Mafotsing Fopoussi Amelie, Gibson Kelly, Steelman Ryan, Superior Michael, Ambrose John
U.S. Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5403, USA.
Cherokee Nation Security and Defense, Tulsa, OK 74116, USA.
Mil Med. 2021 Dec 23. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usab501.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presented unique challenges for surveillance of the military population, which include active component service members and their family members. Through integrating multiple Department of Defense surveillance systems, the Army Public Health Center can provide near real-time case counts to Army leadership on a daily basis.
The incidence of COVID-19 was tracked by incorporating data from the Disease Reporting System Internet, laboratory test results, Commanders' Critical Incidence Reports, reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention military liaison, and media reports. Cases were validated via a medical record review for all Army beneficiaries. Descriptive analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and SAS 9.4 to measure demographic frequencies.
In the first year of the pandemic from February 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021, a total of 96,315 COVID-19 cases were reported to the Disease Reporting System internet, the Army's passive surveillance system, of which 95,429 (99%) were confirmed and 886 (1%) were probable. A total of 76 outbreak reports were submitted from 14 Army installations. The proportion of Army beneficiaries with severe illness was low: 2,271 (2.4%) individuals required hospitalization and 269 (0.3%) died. Installations in Texas reported the highest proportion of confirmed-not hospitalized cases (n = 19,246, 20.7%), confirmed-hospitalized cases (n = 1,037, 45.7%), and deaths (n = 137, 50.9%) as compared to other states with Army installations.
The pandemic has demonstrated the need for a robust public health enterprise with a focus on data collection, validation, and analysis, allowing leaders to make informed decisions that may impact the health of the Army.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行给军队人员（包括现役军人及其家属）的监测带来了独特挑战。通过整合国防部的多个监测系统，陆军公共卫生中心能够每天向陆军领导层提供近乎实时的病例数。
通过整合来自疾病报告系统互联网、实验室检测结果、指挥官关键事件报告、疾病控制与预防中心军事联络报告以及媒体报道的数据，追踪COVID-19的发病率。通过对所有陆军受益人的病历审查来验证病例。使用Microsoft Excel和SAS 9.4进行描述性分析，以测量人口统计学频率。
在2020年2月1日至2021年2月28日这一大流行的第一年，共有96,315例COVID-19病例报告给了陆军的被动监测系统——疾病报告系统互联网，其中95,429例（99%）得到确诊，886例（1%）为疑似病例。来自14个陆军驻地共提交了76份疫情报告。陆军重症患者的比例较低：2,271人（2.4%）需要住院治疗，269人（0.3%）死亡。与其他有陆军驻地的州相比，得克萨斯州的驻地报告的确诊但未住院病例比例最高（n = 19,246例，20.7%）、确诊且住院病例比例最高（n = 1,037例，45.7%）以及死亡病例比例最高（n = 137例，50.9%）。
此次大流行表明需要一个强大的公共卫生事业，重点关注数据收集、验证和分析，使领导者能够做出可能影响陆军健康的明智决策。
