Slabáková Eva, Kahounová Zuzana, Procházková Jiřina, Souček Karel
Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
Noncoding RNA. 2021 Dec 2;7(4):75. doi: 10.3390/ncrna7040075.
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a variant of prostate cancer that occurs in response to treatment resistance or, to a much lesser extent, . Unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind transdifferentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cancer cells is essential for development of new treatment opportunities. This review focuses on summarizing the role of small molecules, predominantly microRNAs, in this phenomenon. A published literature search was performed to identify microRNAs, which are reported and experimentally validated to modulate neuroendocrine markers and/or regulators and to affect the complex neuroendocrine phenotype. Next, available patients' expression datasets were surveyed to identify deregulated microRNAs, and their effect on NEPC and prostate cancer progression is summarized. Finally, possibilities of miRNA detection and quantification in body fluids of prostate cancer patients and their possible use as liquid biopsy in prostate cancer monitoring are discussed. All the addressed clinical and experimental contexts point to an association of NEPC with upregulation of miR-375 and downregulation of miR-34a and miR-19b-3p. Together, this review provides an overview of different roles of non-coding RNAs in the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
神经内分泌前列腺癌（NEPC）是前列腺癌的一种变体，它是在治疗耐药的情况下发生的，或者在程度上要小得多的情况下， 。揭示癌细胞向神经内分泌样癌细胞转分化背后的分子机制对于开发新的治疗机会至关重要。本综述重点总结了小分子，主要是微小RNA，在这一现象中的作用。通过对已发表文献进行检索，以识别那些被报道并经实验验证可调节神经内分泌标志物和/或调节因子并影响复杂神经内分泌表型的微小RNA。接下来，对现有的患者表达数据集进行调查，以识别失调的微小RNA，并总结它们对NEPC和前列腺癌进展的影响。最后，讨论了在前列腺癌患者体液中检测和定量miRNA的可能性及其作为前列腺癌监测中液体活检的可能用途。所有涉及的临床和实验背景都表明NEPC与miR-375上调以及miR-34a和miR-19b-3p下调有关。总之，本综述概述了非编码RNA在神经内分泌前列腺癌发生过程中的不同作用。
