Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14632, USA.
Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
Cells. 2021 Dec 17;10(12):3568. doi: 10.3390/cells10123568.
Hydrogels are commonly used for the 3D culture of musculoskeletal cells. Sulfated hydrogels, which have seen a growing interest over the past years, provide a microenvironment that help maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes and chondrocyte-like cells and can be used for sustained delivery of growth factors and other drugs. Sulfated hydrogels are hence valuable tools to improve cartilage and intervertebral disc tissue engineering. To further advance the utilization of these hydrogels, we identify and summarize the current knowledge about different sulfated hydrogels, highlight their beneficial effects in cartilage and disc research, and review the biofabrication processes most suitable to secure best quality assurance through deposition fidelity, repeatability, and attainment of biocompatible morphologies.
水凝胶常用于肌肉骨骼细胞的 3D 培养。近年来，硫酸化水凝胶受到越来越多的关注，它提供了一个有助于维持软骨细胞和软骨细胞样细胞表型的微环境，并且可以用于生长因子和其他药物的持续释放。因此，硫酸化水凝胶是改善软骨和椎间盘组织工程的有价值的工具。为了进一步推进这些水凝胶的应用，我们确定并总结了不同硫酸化水凝胶的现有知识，强调了它们在软骨和椎间盘研究中的有益作用，并回顾了最适合通过沉积保真度、可重复性和获得生物相容性形态来确保最佳质量保证的生物制造工艺。
