Yang Luyu, Min Xingyu, Zhu Yanjin, Hu Yulei, Yang Manzhen, Yu Hailing, Li Jian, Xiong Xianrong
Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 5;11(12):3461. doi: 10.3390/ani11123461.
This study aimed to find the SNPs in the 1 gene of cattleyak, analyze the relationship between its polymorphisms and the milk fat traits, and find potential molecular markers for the milk fat traits of cattleyak. The polymorphism of the 1 gene in 350 cattleyak from Hongyuan County (Sichuan, China) were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing, and the correlation between these SNPs and the milk production traits of cattleyak was analyzed. The results showed that there were nine SNPs in the CDS and their adjacent non-coding regions of the 1 gene, and all SNPs have three genotypes. The correlation analysis found that the genotypes with superior milk fat traits in the other eight alleles were homozygous genotypes with a high genotype frequency except the g.96284 G > A (c.3090 G > A) ( < 0.05). However, at locus g.96284 G > A, the milk fat percentage, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of the GA genotype were significantly higher than that of GG and AA genotypes ( < 0.05). Among these SNPs, three SNPs (g.6256 C > T (c.298 C > T), g.24791 A > G (c.706 A > G) and g.29121 A > G (c.979 A > G)) caused the amino acids change. The genotypes of the three SNPs consist of three haplotypes and four diplotypes. The amino acid mutation degree of diplotype H1-H1 (CCAAAA) was the highest, and its milk fat percentage, MUFAs, PUFAs and SFAs were also the highest ( < 0.05). Taken together, we found nine SNPs in the 1 gene that are closely related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak. Moreover, the mutation of amino acids caused by SNPs had positive effects on the milk fat traits of cattleyak. H1-H1 is the dominant diplotype which significantly related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak. This study provides a new molecular marker and theoretical basis for screening the milk fat traits of cattleyak.
本研究旨在寻找牦牛1基因中的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），分析其多态性与乳脂肪性状之间的关系，并寻找牦牛乳脂肪性状的潜在分子标记。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和DNA测序检测了来自中国四川红原县的350头牦牛1基因的多态性，并分析了这些SNPs与牦牛产奶性状之间的相关性。结果表明，1基因的编码区（CDS）及其相邻的非编码区存在9个SNPs，所有SNPs均有三种基因型。相关性分析发现，除g.96284 G＞A（c.3090 G＞A）外（P＜0.05），其他8个等位基因中具有优良乳脂肪性状的基因型均为纯合基因型且基因型频率较高。然而，在g.96284 G＞A位点，GA基因型的乳脂肪百分比、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）均显著高于GG和AA基因型（P＜0.05）。在这些SNPs中，3个SNPs（g.6256 C＞T（c.298 C＞T）、g.24791 A＞G（c.706 A＞G）和g.29121 A＞G（c.979 A＞G））导致了氨基酸的改变。这3个SNPs的基因型由3种单倍型和4种双倍型组成。双倍型H1-H1（CCAAAA）的氨基酸突变程度最高，其乳脂肪百分比、MUFAs、PUFAs和SFAs也最高（P＜0.05）。综上所述，我们在1基因中发现了9个与牦牛乳脂肪性状密切相关的SNPs。此外，SNPs引起的氨基酸突变对牦牛乳脂肪性状有积极影响。H1-H1是与牦牛乳脂肪性状显著相关的优势双倍型。本研究为牦牛乳脂肪性状的筛选提供了新的分子标记和理论依据。
