Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, St. K. Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 15;18(24):13225. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413225.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the most frequent causes of mortality in Poland. To date, no study in Poland has attempted to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors on the utilization of all recommended preventive services for these diseases. To address this challenge, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted. One thousand adults aged 18 years or older were interviewed using computer-assisted telephone surveys conducted via random selection. A representative population was obtained in accordance with existing demographics per voivodeship in Poland. We assessed whether factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), net income, household size, place of residence, and education impacted the odds ratio of utilizing recommended preventive services for CVD and cancer. We determined that elderly patients receive influenza vaccination, measure blood pressure, PSA concentration, glucose and lipid profiles, and undergo colonoscopy and mammography more often than younger counterparts. Men were more often influenza vaccinated (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.27) than women, while women measured blood glucose more often than men (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93). Furthermore, net income < 2000 PLN, BMI < 24 kg/m and at least secondary education level were found to be crucial predictors of undergoing mammography (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.26-3.72), cervical smear tests (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17), and lipid measurements (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.91), respectively. Educating people and financial support seem to play a crucial role in implementing novel campaigns and preventive programs in Poland. Addressing each significant factor may be of paramount importance in improving the receipt of preventive services and warranting greater preventive care coverage in the Polish population.
心血管疾病 (CVD) 和癌症是波兰最常见的死亡原因。迄今为止，波兰尚无研究试图分析社会人口因素对这些疾病所有推荐预防服务利用的影响。为了应对这一挑战，进行了一项全国性的横断面研究。使用通过随机选择进行的计算机辅助电话调查，对 1000 名年龄在 18 岁或以上的成年人进行了访谈。根据波兰每个省的现有人口统计学数据，获得了具有代表性的人群。我们评估了年龄、性别、体重指数 (BMI)、净收入、家庭规模、居住地和教育等因素是否影响利用 CVD 和癌症推荐预防服务的优势比。我们发现老年患者比年轻患者更经常接种流感疫苗、测量血压、前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 浓度、血糖和血脂水平，以及接受结肠镜检查和乳房 X 光检查。男性比女性更常接种流感疫苗 (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.27)，而女性比男性更常测量血糖 (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93)。此外，净收入 < 2000 波兰兹罗提、BMI < 24 kg/m 和至少中学教育水平被认为是接受乳房 X 光检查 (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.26-3.72)、宫颈涂片检查 (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17) 和血脂测量 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.91) 的重要预测因素。在波兰，开展教育和提供财政支持似乎在实施新的宣传和预防计划方面发挥了关键作用。解决每个重要因素可能对改善预防服务的获得和确保波兰人口更大程度的预防保健覆盖范围至关重要。
