School of Business, Jingling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China.
School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 18;18(24):13364. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413364.
In the context of achieving carbon neutrality, it is scientifically important to quantitatively explore the relationships among livelihoods, technological property constraints, and the selection of low-carbon technologies by farmers to promote agricultural modernization and carbon neutrality in the agricultural sector of China. Based on the scientific classifications of farmer capital and low-carbon agricultural technologies, a farmer technology selection theory model considering capital constraints was developed in this study. Microcosmic survey data were collected from farmers in the Jiangsu province for empirical testing and analyses. A total of four low-carbon technologies related to fertilizer usage and three types of farmers' livelihoods and their relationships were examined by using a logistic model. The results showed the existence of a significant coupling relationship between the intrinsic decision mechanism involved in selecting low-carbon agricultural technology and the properties of low-carbon agricultural technology for different types of farmers. Significant differences exist in the selection of different low-carbon technologies among large-scale farmers, mid-level part-time farmers, and low-level (generally small) part-time farmers. (1) When selecting technology, large-scale farmers are more inclined to accept capital-intensive, low-carbon technologies, such as new varieties, straw recycling, soil testing, and formulated fertilization. Mid-level part-time farmers are more inclined to accept capital intensive, labor saving, or low risk low-carbon agricultural technologies. In contrast, low-level part-time farmers are inclined to accept labor intensive technologies to reduce capital constraints and agricultural risks. (2) Large-scale farmers and low-level part-time farmers are influenced by household and plot characteristics, while mid-level part-time farmers are more influenced by plot characteristics. (3) Households with capital constraints created by differentiated livelihoods face challenges adopting capital-intensive low-carbon agricultural technologies, such as straw recycling, new varieties, soil testing, and formulated fertilization. However, farmers with stronger constraints in the areas of land and labor are more inclined to accept labor-saving technologies, such as soil testing and formulated fertilization technology. Moreover, farmers with stronger risk preferences tend to accept high-risk technologies, such as new technologies like straw recycling. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for formulating carbon emission reduction policies and low-carbon technology policies for the agricultural sector.
在实现碳中和的背景下，科学地探讨农民生计、技术属性约束与低碳技术选择之间的关系，对于推动中国农业部门的现代化和碳中和具有重要意义。本研究基于农民资本和低碳农业技术的科学分类，构建了一个考虑资本约束的农民技术选择理论模型。通过对江苏省农民进行微观调查数据收集，进行实证检验和分析。利用逻辑回归模型，检验了与肥料使用相关的四种低碳技术和三种农民生计类型及其关系。结果表明，不同类型农民选择低碳农业技术的内在决策机制与低碳农业技术的属性之间存在显著的耦合关系。大型农户、中层兼业农户和低层（一般为小型）兼业农户在选择不同低碳技术时存在显著差异。（1）在选择技术时，大型农户更倾向于接受资本密集型、低碳技术，如新品种、秸秆回收、土壤测试和配方施肥。中层兼业农户更倾向于接受资本密集型、省力或低风险的低碳农业技术。相比之下，低层兼业农户倾向于接受劳动密集型技术，以减少资本约束和农业风险。（2）大型农户和低层兼业农户受家庭和地块特征的影响，而中层兼业农户受地块特征的影响更大。（3）生计差异化导致的农户资本约束，使他们在采用资本密集型低碳农业技术，如秸秆回收、新品种、土壤测试和配方施肥方面面临挑战。然而，土地和劳动力约束较强的农户更倾向于接受省力技术，如土壤测试和配方施肥技术。此外，风险偏好较强的农户更倾向于接受高风险技术，如新的秸秆回收技术。本研究结果可为制定农业部门减排政策和低碳技术政策提供科学依据。
