Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Environ Res. 2022 May 15;208:112584. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112584. Epub 2021 Dec 21.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The main objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the impacts of EDCs on reproductive success in wildlife and humans. The examples selected often include a retrospective assessment of the knowledge of reproductive impacts over time to discern how the effects of EDCs have changed over the last several decades. Collectively, the evidence summarized here within reinforce the concept that reproduction in wildlife and humans is negatively impacted by anthropogenic chemicals, with several altering endocrine system function. These observations of chemicals interfering with different aspects of the reproductive endocrine axis are particularly pronounced for aquatic species and are often corroborated by laboratory-based experiments (i.e. fish, amphibians, birds). Noteworthy, many of these same indicators are also observed in epidemiological studies in mammalian wildlife and humans. Given the vast array of reproductive strategies used by animals, it is perhaps not surprising that no single disrupted target is predictive of reproductive effects. Nevertheless, there are some general features of the endocrine control of reproduction, and in particular, the critical role that steroid hormones play in these processes that confer a high degree of susceptibility to environmental chemicals. New research is needed on the implications of chemical exposures during development and the potential for long-term reproductive effects. Future emphasis on field-based observations that can form the basis of more deliberate, extensive, and long-term population level studies to monitor contaminant effects, including adverse effects on the endocrine system, are key to addressing these knowledge gaps.
内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）在水生和陆地环境中普遍存在。本综述的主要目的是总结 EDCs 对野生动物和人类生殖成功的影响的现有知识。选择的例子通常包括对生殖影响的知识随时间的回溯评估，以辨别 EDC 的影响在过去几十年中是如何变化的。总的来说，这里总结的证据强化了这样一个概念，即野生动物和人类的生殖受到人为化学物质的负面影响，其中几种化学物质改变了内分泌系统的功能。这些观察到的化学物质干扰生殖内分泌轴的不同方面的现象在水生物种中尤为明显，并且经常得到基于实验室的实验（即鱼类、两栖类、鸟类）的证实。值得注意的是，许多同样的指标在哺乳动物野生动物和人类的流行病学研究中也有观察到。鉴于动物使用的生殖策略种类繁多，没有单一的被干扰的目标可以预测生殖效应，这也许并不奇怪。然而，内分泌对生殖的控制有一些共同的特征，特别是类固醇激素在这些过程中所起的关键作用，使它们对外环境化学物质具有高度的敏感性。需要研究化学暴露在发育过程中的影响，以及长期生殖效应的潜在风险。未来的重点应放在基于现场的观察上，这些观察可以为更有针对性、更广泛和长期的种群水平研究奠定基础，以监测污染物的影响，包括对内分泌系统的不利影响，这是解决这些知识差距的关键。
