Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1200:41-70. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_3.
Wildlife is exposed to a diverse range of natural and man-made chemicals. Some environmental chemicals possess specific endocrine disrupting properties, which have the potential to disrupt reproductive and developmental process in certain animals. There is growing evidence that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals plays a key role in reproductive disorders in fish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles and invertebrates. This evidence comes from field-based observations and laboratory based exposure studies, which provide substantial evidence that environmental chemicals can cause adverse effects at environmentally relevant doses. There is particular concern about wildlife exposures to cocktails of biologically active chemicals, which combined with other stressors, may play an even greater role in reproductive disorders than can be reproduced in laboratory experiments. Regulation of chemicals affords some protection to animals of the adverse effects of exposure to legacy chemicals but there continues to be considerable debate on the regulation of emerging pollutants.
野生动物暴露于多种自然和人为化学物质中。一些环境化学物质具有特定的内分泌干扰特性，有可能干扰某些动物的生殖和发育过程。越来越多的证据表明，接触内分泌干扰化学物质在鱼类、两栖动物、哺乳动物、爬行动物和无脊椎动物的生殖障碍中起着关键作用。这些证据来自基于现场的观察和基于实验室的暴露研究，这些研究提供了大量证据，表明环境化学物质可以在环境相关剂量下引起不良影响。特别令人关注的是野生动物接触到的生物活性化学物质混合物，这些混合物与其他压力源结合在一起，可能在生殖障碍中发挥比实验室实验中所能重现的更大作用。化学物质的监管为动物提供了一些保护，使其免受接触遗留化学物质的不良影响，但对于新兴污染物的监管仍存在相当大的争议。
