Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 20131, Thailand.
Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2022 Feb;42:100425. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100425. Epub 2021 Oct 15.
Small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are originally recognized as an intermediate of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. They can inhibit or silence various cellular pathways by knocking down specific messenger RNA molecules. In cancer cells, siRNAs can suppress the expression of several multidrug-resistant genes, leading to the increased deposition of chemotherapeutic drugs at the tumor site. siRNA therapy can be used to selectively increase apoptosis of cancer cells or activate an immune response to the cancer. However, delivering siRNAs to the targeted location is the main limitation in achieving safe and effective delivery of siRNAs. This review highlights some representative examples of nonviral delivery systems, especially nanovesicles such as exosomes, liposomes, and niosomes. Nanovesicles can improve the delivery of siRNAs by increasing their intracellular delivery, and they have demonstrated excellent potential for cancer therapy. This review focuses on recent discoveries of siRNA targets for cancer therapy and the use of siRNAs to successfully silence these targets. In addition, this review summarizes the recent progress in designing nanovesicles (liposomes or niosomes) for siRNA delivery to cancer cells and the effects of a combination of anticancer drugs and siRNA therapy in cancer therapy.
小干扰核糖核酸（siRNAs）最初被认为是 RNA 干扰（RNAi）途径的中间产物。它们可以通过敲低特定的信使 RNA 分子来抑制或沉默各种细胞途径。在癌细胞中，siRNAs 可以抑制几种多药耐药基因的表达，导致化疗药物在肿瘤部位的沉积增加。siRNA 疗法可用于选择性增加癌细胞的凋亡或激活对癌症的免疫反应。然而，将 siRNA 递送到靶向位置是实现 siRNA 安全有效递送的主要限制。本综述重点介绍了一些有代表性的非病毒递送系统的例子，特别是纳米囊泡，如外泌体、脂质体和非诺体。纳米囊泡可以通过增加其细胞内递送来提高 siRNA 的递送，并且已经证明它们在癌症治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。本综述重点介绍了用于癌症治疗的 siRNA 靶标最近的发现，以及使用 siRNA 成功沉默这些靶标的情况。此外，本综述总结了设计用于将 siRNA 递送至癌细胞的纳米囊泡（脂质体或非诺体）的最新进展，以及抗癌药物和 siRNA 疗法联合应用于癌症治疗的效果。
