Ali Lamiaa Mohamed Ahmed, Gary-Bobo Magali
IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21561, Egypt.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jul 23;14(15):3597. doi: 10.3390/cancers14153597.
In the race to design ever more effective therapy with ever more focused and controlled actions, nanomedicine and phototherapy seem to be two allies of choice. Indeed, the use of nanovectors making it possible to transport and protect genetic material is becoming increasingly important. In addition, the use of a method allowing the release of genetic material in a controlled way in space and time is also a strategy increasingly studied thanks to the use of lasers. In parallel, the use of interfering RNA and, more particularly, of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) has demonstrated significant potential for gene therapy. In this review, we focused on the design of the different nanovectors capable of transporting siRNAs and releasing them so that they can turn off the expression of deregulated genes in cancers through controlled photoexcitation with high precision. This mechanism, called photochemical internalization (PCI), corresponds to the lysosomal leakage of the cargo (siRNA in this case) after destabilization of the lysosomal membrane under light excitation.
在设计行动更具针对性和可控性的更有效疗法的竞赛中，纳米医学和光疗法似乎是首选的两个盟友。的确，使用能够运输和保护遗传物质的纳米载体正变得越来越重要。此外，由于激光的应用，一种能在空间和时间上以可控方式释放遗传物质的方法的使用，也是越来越受到研究的一种策略。同时，干扰RNA，尤其是小干扰RNA（siRNA）的使用，已显示出在基因治疗方面的巨大潜力。在本综述中，我们重点关注了不同纳米载体的设计，这些纳米载体能够运输siRNA并释放它们，从而通过高精度的可控光激发来关闭癌症中失调基因的表达。这种机制称为光化学内化（PCI），它对应于在光激发下溶酶体膜不稳定后货物（在这种情况下为siRNA）的溶酶体渗漏。
