Zhao W H, Ma Y, Wang H, Li K, Dong H, Liu W H, Liu Y Y, Jiang S Q, Luo L, Yang Z C
School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Dec 10;42(12):2088-2095. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210728-00592.
To understand the epidemiological characteristics of three local COVID-19 epidemics in Guangzhou and provide reference for optimizing strategies and measures of COVID-19 prevention and control. The data of local COVID-19 cases in Guangzhou reported as of June 18, 2021 were collected from National Notifiable Disease Report System of China. The software Excel 2019 and SPSS 22.0 were applied for data cleaning and statistical analysis. A total of 726 COVID-19 cases were reported in the three local epidemics in Guangzhou. In the epidemic associated with the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hubei province, 366 cases were reported. Most cases were female (51.6%, 189/366), aged 18-65 years (81.4%, 298/366), jobless/unemployed (32.2%, 118/366) and retired persons (20.2%,74/366). The initial symptoms of most cases were fever (71.6%, 250/349) and cough (60.7%, 212/349). In the epidemic associated with the imported COVID-19 cases from Africa, 207 cases were reported. Most cases were aged 18-40 years (72.9%, 151/207), male (69.6%, 144/207), and engaged in commercial services (62.3%,129/207). The initial symptoms of most cases were no obvious discomfort (55.6%, 15/27) and cough (37.0%, 10/27). In the epidemic associated with Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, 153 cases were reported, in which women accounted for 58.8% (90/153), most cases were over 41 years old (64.7%,99/153), and retired persons accounted for the highest proportion (32.0%,49/153). The initial symptoms of most cases were cough (32.9%, 48/146) and no obvious discomfort (28.1%, 41/146). The household secondary attack rates of the three local epidemics were 11.2%, 5.7% and 11.5%, respectively. The median (, ) of incubation periods were 6.5 (4.0,10.8) d, 4.0 (2.5, 6.0) d and 4.0 (3.0,5.0) d. The serial intervals median (, ) were 4.0 (3.0, 8.0) d, 4.0 (2.5, 6.0) d and 3.0 (2.0,5.0) d. There were significant differences in gender, age, occupation, initial symptoms, household secondary attack rate and incubation period among the three local COVID-19 epidemics (all <0.05). In the proportion of the case finding way, passive detection in patient treatment were mainly 44.3%(162/366) in the epidemic associated with the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hubei province,but active community case screening [58.5% (121/207) and 27.5% (24/153)] and close contact management in imported case were mostly [33.3% (69/207) and 67.3% (103/153)] in the epidemic associated with the imported COVID-19 cases from Africa and with Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Due to the different sources of infection, strain types and prevention and control strategies, the epidemiological characteristics of the three local COVID-19 epidemics in Guangzhou differed in demographics, clinical symptoms, transmission routes and case finding, which suggested that it is necessary to improve the key population and common symptom monitoring in the routine prevention and control of COVID-19 to prevent the reemerge of the epidemic.
为了解广州市3起本地新冠肺炎疫情的流行病学特征，为优化新冠肺炎防控策略和措施提供参考。收集中国国家法定传染病报告系统中截至2021年6月18日广州市本地新冠肺炎病例数据。应用Excel 2019软件和SPSS 22.0进行数据清理和统计分析。广州市3起本地疫情共报告726例新冠肺炎病例。在与湖北省新冠肺炎疫情相关的疫情中，报告366例。多数病例为女性（51.6%，189/366），年龄在18 - 65岁（81.4%，298/366），无业/失业（32.2%，118/366）和退休人员（20.2%，74/366）。多数病例的初始症状为发热（71.6%，250/349）和咳嗽（60.7%，212/349）。在与非洲输入性新冠肺炎病例相关的疫情中，报告207例。多数病例年龄在18 - 40岁（72.9%，151/207），男性（69.6%，144/207），从事商业服务行业（62.3%，129/207）。多数病例的初始症状为无明显不适（55.6%，15/27）和咳嗽（37.0%，10/27）。在与新冠病毒Delta变异株相关的疫情中，报告153例，其中女性占58.8%（90/153），多数病例年龄超过41岁（64.7%，99/153），退休人员占比最高（32.0%，49/153）。多数病例的初始症状为咳嗽（32.9%，48/146）和无明显不适（28.1%，41/146）。3起本地疫情的家庭二代发病率分别为11.2%、5.7%和11.5%。潜伏期中位数（ ， ）分别为6.5（4.0，10.8）天、4.0（2.5，6.0）天和4.0（3.0，5.0）天。传播间隔中位数（ ， ）分别为4.0（3.0，8.0）天、4.0（2.5，6.0）天和3.0（2.0，5.0）天。广州市3起本地新冠肺炎疫情在性别、年龄、职业、初始症状、家庭二代发病率和潜伏期方面存在显著差异（均P<0.05）。在病例发现方式的比例上，与湖北省新冠肺炎疫情相关的疫情中，患者治疗中的被动检测为主，占44.3%（162/366），而在与非洲输入性新冠肺炎病例和与新冠病毒Delta变异株相关的疫情中，主动社区病例筛查[分别为58.5%（121/207）和27.5%（24/153）]和输入病例的密切接触者管理居多[分别为33.3%（69/207）和67.3%（103/153）]。由于感染源、毒株类型和防控策略不同，广州市3起本地新冠肺炎疫情的流行病学特征在人口统计学、临床症状、传播途径和病例发现方面存在差异，提示在新冠肺炎常规防控中需加强重点人群和常见症状监测，以防疫情复燃。
