Mlangeni Nosimilo, Du Preez Karen, Mokone Moses, Malotle Molebogeng, Kisting Sophia, Ramodike Jonathan, Zungu Muzimkhulu
National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Independent Occupational Medicine Specialist, Cape Town, South Africa.
New Solut. 2022 May;32(1):30-39. doi: 10.1177/10482911211069621. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
In South Africa, 15 percent of informal economy workers are street vendors. The organization of occupational health services in the country is fragmented and does not cover informal workers. Conditions of work make informal workers extremely vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) exposure. In this study, a qualitative risk assessment was conducted among street vendors, followed by focus group discussions. Interpretation of data was according to major themes extracted from discussions. Workers are exposed to several occupational health hazards identified during the risk assessment. There is a lack of workplace HIV and TB services and overall poor access to healthcare. Street vendors, especially females, are at higher risk of HIV, due to gender inequalities. Comprehensive gender-sensitive training on occupational health and safety, HIV, and TB should be prioritized. To reach Universal Health Coverage and achieve the Sustainable Developmental Goals' targets, the health system should improve services for informal economy workers.
在南非，15%的非正规经济部门劳动者是街头小贩。该国职业健康服务的组织架构分散，未涵盖非正规部门劳动者。工作条件使非正规部门劳动者极易接触到人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和结核病（TB）。在本研究中，对街头小贩进行了定性风险评估，随后开展了焦点小组讨论。数据解读依据从讨论中提取的主要主题。劳动者面临风险评估中确定的多种职业健康危害。工作场所缺乏HIV和结核病服务，总体医疗保健可及性较差。由于性别不平等，街头小贩，尤其是女性，感染HIV的风险更高。应优先开展关于职业健康与安全、HIV和结核病的全面性别敏感培训。为实现全民健康覆盖并达成可持续发展目标的各项指标，卫生系统应改善针对非正规经济部门劳动者的服务。
