Meskele Simeon, Mulu Abay, GebreMickael Abinet, Ena Lankamo
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Int J Gen Med. 2021 Dec 18;14:10045-10053. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S346544. eCollection 2021.
The placenta and umbilical cord have been considered as significant contributors to the perinatal outcome and have contributed to some degree to neonatal mortality. The placenta has a very crucial role in normal fetal development. After about four weeks of gestation, the only link of the fetus to the placenta is the umbilical cord. Very little is known about placental and umbilical indices in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to determine placental and umbilical cord indices and their association with fetal distress in Hadiya zone public hospitals, southern Ethiopia.
This study included 249 placentae with the attached umbilical cord from normal singleton live birth with known gestational age. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used, and variables with p < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to identify the independent factors for the outcome variable. Odds ratios with 95% confidence were computed, and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.
Three-fourth (75.9%) of diameter of studied placenta was in normal range and 18.1%, 6.0% below and above normal range, respectively. About one-third (32.9%) of umbilical cords were short, 61.8% normal, and 5.2% long. Newborns with thin placenta [AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.25, 9.40], short cord length [AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.66, 7.09] and long cord length [AOR = 7.55; 95% CI: 2.07, 27.53] were significantly associated with fetal distress.
In this study, deviation of umbilical cord length from the normal range and placental thickness were significantly associated with fetal distress. In addition, fetal distress was also associated with gestation age and sex of the newborn.
胎盘和脐带被认为是围产期结局的重要影响因素，在一定程度上导致了新生儿死亡。胎盘在胎儿正常发育中起着至关重要的作用。妊娠约四周后，胎儿与胎盘的唯一连接是脐带。在埃塞俄比亚，关于胎盘和脐带指标的了解非常少。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚南部哈迪亚地区公立医院的胎盘和脐带指标及其与胎儿窘迫的关联。
本研究纳入了249例附有脐带的胎盘，这些胎盘来自已知孕周的正常单胎活产。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，双变量分析中p<0.25的变量被纳入多变量逻辑回归，以确定结局变量的独立因素。计算95%置信区间的比值比，p值<0.05时具有统计学意义。
所研究胎盘直径的四分之三（75.9%）在正常范围内，分别有18.1%和6.0%低于和高于正常范围。约三分之一（32.9%）的脐带短，61.8%正常，5.2%长。胎盘薄的新生儿[AOR = 3.43；95% CI：1.25，9.40]、脐带短[AOR = 3.43；95% CI：1.66，7.09]和脐带长[AOR = 7.55；95% CI：2.07，27.53]与胎儿窘迫显著相关。
在本研究中，脐带长度偏离正常范围和胎盘厚度与胎儿窘迫显著相关。此外，胎儿窘迫还与孕周和新生儿性别有关。
