Song Yuxi, Cheng Jiaxin, Yu Hang, Wang Zhijie, Bai Yunlong, Xia Cheng, Xu Chuang
Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Dec 8;8:792498. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.792498. eCollection 2021.
Inactive ovaries (IO) and ovarian (follicular or luteal) cysts (FC or LC) are two common ovarian diseases leading to infertility in dairy cattle. Both disorders are associated with altered metabolites and hormones. There are currently no known effective biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of ovarian diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the plasma biomarkers of ovarian diseases in Holstein dairy cows that facilitate an early diagnosis of the diseases and control its progression. The experiment was performed from 3 weeks postpartum and last for 7 weeks. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (mean age, 4.36 years; weight, 635.63 kg) were divided into healthy control group (HC, = 22), FC group ( = 18), LC group ( = 18) and IO group ( = 18) by rectal palpation or ultrasonography during the last 2 weeks before trial end. Blood was collected via tail vein for measurement of plasma energy metabolites, liver function indicators, minerals, and hormones at 3 and 8 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis, where applicable. At 8 weeks postpartum, FC cows had a more severe body condition score loss and these had greater levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and estradiol, and lesser levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), progesterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels than HC cows ( < 0.05). LC cows had a lower milk yield, higher NEFA and progesterone levels, and lower calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels than HC cows ( < 0.05). IO cows had a lower body condition score, higher NEFA levels, and lower ALT, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, estradiol, progesterone and IGF-1 levels than HC cows ( < 0.05). At 3 weeks postpartum, cows with ovarian diseases had greater ( < 0.05) concentrations of NEFA, and lesser concentrations of ALT, calcium, phosphorus and IGF-1 than HC cows. Early warning values for ovarian diseases were plasma NEFA concentrations >0.50 mmol/L, or calcium concentrations <2.02 mmol/L. Therefore, plasma NEFA and calcium could be used as early-warning indicators for ovarian diseases in dairy cows.
卵巢静止（IO）和卵巢（卵泡或黄体）囊肿（FC或LC）是导致奶牛不孕的两种常见卵巢疾病。这两种病症都与代谢物和激素的改变有关。目前尚无已知的有效生物标志物可用于卵巢疾病的早期诊断。本研究的目的是确定荷斯坦奶牛卵巢疾病的血浆生物标志物，以促进疾病的早期诊断并控制其进展。实验从产后3周开始，持续7周。在试验结束前的最后2周，通过直肠触诊或超声检查将76头经产荷斯坦奶牛（平均年龄4.36岁；体重635.63千克）分为健康对照组（HC，n = 22）、FC组（n = 18）、LC组（n = 18）和IO组（n = 18）。在产后3周和8周通过尾静脉采血，用于测定血浆能量代谢物、肝功能指标、矿物质和激素。在适用的情况下，数据通过曼-惠特尼U检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验、斯皮尔曼相关性分析、二元逻辑回归分析和受试者工作特征分析进行分析。产后8周时,FC奶牛的体况评分损失更严重，与HC奶牛相比，其非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）和雌二醇水平更高，而丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、孕酮和胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）水平更低（P < 0.05）。与HC奶牛相比，LC奶牛的产奶量更低，NEFA和孕酮水平更高，而钙、磷和镁水平更低（P < 0.05）。与HC奶牛相比，IO奶牛的体况评分更低，NEFA水平更高，而ALT、钙、磷、镁、雌二醇、孕酮和IGF-1水平更低（P < 0.05）。产后3周时，患有卵巢疾病的奶牛的NEFA浓度更高（P < 0.05），而ALT、钙、磷和IGF-1浓度低于HC奶牛。卵巢疾病的预警值为血浆NEFA浓度>0.50 mmol/L，或钙浓度<2.02 mmol/L。因此，血浆NEFA和钙可作为奶牛卵巢疾病的预警指标。
