Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 10;13(12):4433. doi: 10.3390/nu13124433.
The mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis are not completely clear, but P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealed brain energy deficit in migraineurs. As glycolysis is the main process of energy production in the brain, mitochondria may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis. Nutrition is an important aspect of migraine pathogenesis, as many migraineurs report food-related products as migraine triggers. Apart from approved anti-migraine drugs, many vitamins and supplements are considered in migraine prevention and therapy, but without strong supportive evidence. In this review, we summarize and update information about nutrients that may be important for mitochondrial functions, energy production, oxidative stress, and that are related to migraine. Additionally, we present a brief overview of caffeine and alcohol, as they are often reported to have ambiguous effects in migraineurs. The nutrients that can be considered to supplement the diet to prevent and/or ameliorate migraine are riboflavin, thiamine, magnesium ions, niacin, carnitine, coenzyme Q10, melatonin, lipoic acid, pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin. They can supplement a normal, healthy diet, which should be adjusted to individual needs determined mainly by the physiological constitution of an organism. The intake of caffeine and alcohol should be fine-tuned to the history of their use, as withdrawal of these agents in regular users may become a migraine trigger.
偏头痛发病机制尚不完全清楚，但 P 核磁共振研究显示偏头痛患者存在脑能量不足。由于糖酵解是大脑能量产生的主要过程，线粒体可能在偏头痛发病机制中起重要作用。营养是偏头痛发病机制的一个重要方面，因为许多偏头痛患者报告食物相关产品是偏头痛的诱因。除了已批准的抗偏头痛药物外，许多维生素和补充剂被认为可用于偏头痛的预防和治疗，但缺乏强有力的支持证据。在这篇综述中，我们总结和更新了与线粒体功能、能量产生、氧化应激有关的、可能对偏头痛有重要意义的营养素信息。此外，我们还简要介绍了咖啡因和酒精，因为它们在偏头痛患者中常被报告具有不确定的作用。可考虑补充饮食以预防和/或改善偏头痛的营养素包括核黄素、硫胺素、镁离子、烟酸、肉碱、辅酶 Q10、褪黑素、硫辛酸、吡哆醇、叶酸和钴胺素。它们可以补充正常、健康的饮食，饮食应根据个体的生理状况进行调整，主要取决于个体的生理状况。咖啡因和酒精的摄入量应根据其使用历史进行调整，因为在常规使用者中停用这些药物可能会成为偏头痛的诱因。
