Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 15;13(12):4490. doi: 10.3390/nu13124490.
Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening mental health disorders that require management by a multidisciplinary team including medical, psychological and dietetic specialties. This review systematically evaluated the available literature to determine the effect of including a dietitian in outpatient eating disorder (ED) treatment, and to contribute to the understanding of a dietitian's role in ED treatment. Six databases and Google Scholar were searched for articles that compared treatment outcomes for individuals receiving specialist dietetic treatment with outcomes for those receiving any comparative treatment. Studies needed to be controlled trials where outcomes were measured by a validated instrument (PROSPERO CRD42021224126). The searches returned 16,327 articles, of which 11 articles reporting on 10 studies were included. Two studies found that dietetic intervention significantly improved ED psychopathology, and three found that it did not. Three studies reported that dietetic input improved other psychopathological markers, and three reported that it did not. One consistent finding was that dietetic input improved body mass index/weight and nutritional intake, although only two and three studies reported on each outcome, respectively. A variety of instruments were used to measure each outcome type, making direct comparisons between studies difficult. Furthermore, there was no consistent definition of the dietetic components included, with many containing psychological components. Most studies included were also published over 20 years ago and are now out of date. Further research is needed to develop consistent dietetic guidelines and outcome measures; this would help to clearly define the role of each member of the multidisciplinary team, and particularly the role of dietitians, in ED treatment.
进食障碍是一种潜在的危及生命的心理健康障碍，需要由包括医学、心理和营养学专业在内的多学科团队进行管理。本综述系统评估了现有文献，以确定在门诊进食障碍（ED）治疗中纳入营养师的效果，并有助于了解营养师在 ED 治疗中的作用。六个数据库和 Google Scholar 被用来搜索比较接受专业营养师治疗的个体与接受任何对照治疗的个体治疗结果的文章。研究需要是对照试验，其中结果由经过验证的工具（PROSPERO CRD42021224126）进行测量。检索共返回了 16327 篇文章，其中有 11 篇文章报道了 10 项研究。两项研究发现，饮食干预显著改善了 ED 精神病理学，三项研究发现没有改善。三项研究报告称，饮食干预改善了其他精神病理学标志物，三项研究报告称没有改善。一个一致的发现是，饮食干预改善了体重指数/体重和营养摄入，尽管只有两项和三项研究分别报告了这两个结果。各种仪器被用于测量每种结果类型，使得很难在研究之间进行直接比较。此外，没有对所包括的饮食成分进行一致的定义，许多研究都包含心理成分。大多数研究也是 20 多年前发表的，现在已经过时了。需要进一步研究来制定一致的饮食指南和结果衡量标准；这将有助于明确界定多学科团队中每个成员的角色，特别是营养师在 ED 治疗中的角色。
