Department of Foods & Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 17;13(12):4523. doi: 10.3390/nu13124523.
Iodine intake in the US has declined in recent years. Iodine insufficiency increases the risk for inadequate thyroid hormone production and there is growing evidence that sub-clinical hypothyroidism may be disruptive to metabolic health, including insulin resistance (IR). We investigated the association between urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), a measurement of iodine status, and IR in adults. Data from 1286 US adults (≥20 years) in the NHANES 2011-2012 were analyzed. Two subgroups (low = UIC < 100 µg/L and normal = UIC ≥ 100 µg/L) were compared for markers of IR, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Chi-square test, both linear and logistic regression models were used. In males, there were no significant associations between UIC and markers of IR; however, females with normal UIC had greater risks for elevated HOMA-IR (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI= 0.32-0.99) and HbA1C (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34-0.90), while females with low UIC had a greater risk for FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.09-2.72). Results only partially support our hypothesis that UIC is associated with the odds of IR in adults. The finding of an increased risk for elevated FPG, a marker of prediabetes, in female adults with low iodine status requires further investigation.
近年来，美国的碘摄入量有所下降。碘不足会增加甲状腺激素产生不足的风险，越来越多的证据表明，亚临床甲状腺功能减退症可能会对代谢健康造成破坏，包括胰岛素抵抗（IR）。我们研究了尿碘浓度（UIC）与成年人 IR 之间的关系，UIC 是衡量碘状况的一个指标。分析了来自 NHANES 2011-2012 年的 1286 名美国成年人（≥20 岁）的数据。对两个亚组（低=UIC<100μg/L 和正常=UIC≥100μg/L）的 IR 标志物进行了比较，包括空腹血糖（FPG）和胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）。采用卡方检验、线性和逻辑回归模型进行分析。在男性中，UIC 与 IR 标志物之间没有显著关联；然而，UIC 正常的女性发生 HOMA-IR 升高（AOR=0.56，95%CI=0.32-0.99）和 HbA1C 升高（AOR=0.56，95%CI=0.34-0.90）的风险更大，而 UIC 低的女性发生 FPG≥5.6mmol/L 的风险更高（AOR=1.73，95%CI=1.09-2.72）。结果仅部分支持我们的假设，即 UIC 与成年人 IR 的几率有关。碘状态低的成年女性发生 FPG 升高（糖尿病前期的一个标志物）的风险增加的发现需要进一步研究。
