Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 24;14(17):3474. doi: 10.3390/nu14173474.
Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus. This paper will review recently published studies that focus on the re-emerging issue of iodine deficiency as a global concern and declining intake among populations in developed countries. Historically, the implementation of salt-iodization programs worldwide has reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency, but 30% of the world's population is still at risk. Iodine nutrition is a growing issue within industrialized countries including the U.S. as a result of declining iodine intake, in part due to changing dietary patterns and food manufacturing practices. Few countries mandate universal salt iodization policies, and differing agriculture and industry practices and regulations among countries have resulted in inconsistencies in supplementation practices. In the U.S., in spite of salt-iodization policies, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is common and appears to be increasing. European countries with the highest incidence of deficiency lack iodization programs. Monitoring the iodine status of at-risk populations and, when appropriate, public health initiatives, appear to be warranted.
碘是一种矿物质营养素，对调节多种关键生理功能至关重要，包括代谢以及儿童和成人的大脑发育和功能。因此，人群的碘摄入量和状况是一个令人关注和研究的重点领域。本文将综述最近发表的研究，重点关注碘缺乏这一在全球范围内重新出现的问题，以及发达国家人群的摄入量下降问题。从历史上看，全球范围内实施的食盐碘化项目已经降低了碘缺乏症的发病率，但仍有 30%的世界人口面临风险。由于碘摄入量下降，碘营养在包括美国在内的工业化国家日益成为一个问题，部分原因是饮食模式和食品制造做法发生了变化。很少有国家强制实行全民食盐碘化政策，各国之间的农业和工业做法和法规存在差异，导致补充做法不一致。在美国，尽管实施了食盐碘化政策，但仍普遍存在轻度至中度碘缺乏症，而且似乎还在增加。碘缺乏症发病率最高的欧洲国家缺乏碘化项目。似乎有必要对高危人群的碘状况进行监测，并在适当情况下采取公共卫生措施。
