School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia.
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 20;13(12):4566. doi: 10.3390/nu13124566.
In Pakistan, malnutrition is a chronic issue. Concerns regarding coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM) in an individual child are emerging, as children suffering from CFM have a 4 to 12-fold higher risk of death compared with healthy children. This study assessed the prevalence, trends, and socioeconomic determinants of various types of CFM using Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) datasets. Data from children aged 0-5 years old, with complete height and weight information, and valid anthropometry, from all regions of Pakistan (except residents of Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and non-de jure residents), were included. The prevalence of CFM was 30.6% in 2012-2013 and 21.5% in 2017-2018 PDHS. Both PDHSs reported a significantly higher prevalence of CFM in Sindh and Baluchistan compared with other regions of Pakistan. Improved socioeconomic status significantly reduced the odds of various types of CFM, except the coexistence of underweight with wasting. The high prevalence of CFM in Pakistan can be averted by multisectoral collaboration and by integrating nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions.
在巴基斯坦，营养不良是一个长期存在的问题。人们开始关注儿童中并存的多种形式营养不良（CFM），因为患有 CFM 的儿童的死亡风险比健康儿童高 4 至 12 倍。本研究使用巴基斯坦人口与健康调查（PDHS）数据集评估了各种类型 CFM 的流行率、趋势和社会经济决定因素。纳入了来自巴基斯坦所有地区（除了查谟和克什米尔（AJK）和联邦部落地区（FATA）的居民以及非法定居民）0-5 岁儿童的身高和体重信息完整且有效人体测量学数据的资料。2012-2013 年 PDHS 中 CFM 的流行率为 30.6%，2017-2018 年 PDHS 中 CFM 的流行率为 21.5%。两次 PDHS 均报告说，信德省和俾路支省的 CFM 流行率明显高于巴基斯坦其他地区。社会经济地位的提高显著降低了各种类型 CFM 的几率，但消瘦与营养不良并存的情况除外。通过多部门合作并整合营养敏感和营养特定干预措施，可以避免巴基斯坦出现 CFM 高流行率的情况。
