Lanfermeijer Josien, Nühn Marieke M, Emmelot Maarten E, Poelen Martien C M, van Els Cécile A C M, Borghans José A M, van Baarle Debbie, Kaaijk Patricia, de Wit Jelle
Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Dec 3;9(12):1431. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121431.
Waning of the mumps virus (MuV)-specific humoral response after vaccination has been suggested as a cause for recent mumps outbreaks in vaccinated young adults, although it cannot explain all cases. Moreover, CD8 T cells may play an important role in the response against MuV; however, little is known about the characteristics and dynamics of the MuV-specific CD8 T-cell response after MuV infection. Here, we had the opportunity to follow the CD8 T-cell response to three recently identified HLA-A2*02:01-restricted MuV-specific epitopes from 1.5 to 36 months post-MuV infection in five previously vaccinated and three unvaccinated individuals. The infection-induced CD8 T-cell response was dominated by T cells specific for the ALDQTDIRV and LLDSSTTRV epitopes, while the response to the GLMEGQIVSV epitope was subdominant. MuV-specific CD8 T-cell frequencies in the blood declined between 1.5 and 9 months after infection. This decline was not explained by changes in the expression of inhibitory receptors or homing markers. Despite the ongoing changes in the frequencies and phenotype of MuV-specific CD8 T cells, TCRβ analyses revealed a stable MuV-specific T-cell repertoire over time. These insights in the maintenance of the cellular response against mumps may provide hallmarks for optimizing vaccination strategies towards a long-term cellular memory response.
疫苗接种后腮腺炎病毒（MuV）特异性体液反应的减弱被认为是近期接种疫苗的年轻成年人中腮腺炎爆发的一个原因，尽管它不能解释所有病例。此外，CD8 T细胞可能在针对MuV的反应中发挥重要作用；然而，关于MuV感染后MuV特异性CD8 T细胞反应的特征和动态知之甚少。在这里，我们有机会在5名先前接种过疫苗和3名未接种过疫苗的个体中，追踪MuV感染后1.5至36个月对3个最近鉴定的HLA - A2*02:01限制性MuV特异性表位的CD8 T细胞反应。感染诱导的CD8 T细胞反应以对ALDQTDIRV和LLDSSTTRV表位特异的T细胞为主，而对GLMEGQIVSV表位的反应则较弱。感染后1.5至9个月，血液中MuV特异性CD8 T细胞频率下降。这种下降不能用抑制性受体或归巢标志物表达的变化来解释。尽管MuV特异性CD8 T细胞的频率和表型不断变化，但TCRβ分析显示，随着时间的推移，MuV特异性T细胞库是稳定的。这些关于维持针对腮腺炎的细胞反应的见解可能为优化疫苗接种策略以实现长期细胞记忆反应提供标志。
