In Vitro Regeneration of x through Indirect Organogenesis: Effect of Explant Type and Growth Regulators.

x is a spontaneous sterile hybrid therefore the creation of useful genetic diversity by conventional breeding methods is restricted. Plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis may be a useful approach to create genetic variability of this important agricultural crop. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the explant type and growth regulators on indirect organogenesis of x and to determine the ploidy level of plant regenerants by flow cytometry. On average, the highest percentage of morphogenic callus tested explants formed in the medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L IBA + 0.1 mg L BAP + 4.0 mg L l-proline. The most intensive secondary differentiation of callus cells was observed in the medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L ZEA + 1.0 mg L NAA. The highest root formation frequency with the highest number of roots was determined in the MS nutrient medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L IBA, where more than 95% of plant regenerants survived and were growing normally.