Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE-EA 4515), Equipe Sols et Environnement, Groupe ISA, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France.
UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecologie des Communautés, Université Bordeaux 1, Bât. B2 RDC Est, Avenue des facultés, 33405 Talence, France.
J Environ Manage. 2014 Oct 1;143:123-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.027. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
The mitigation of potential health hazards and land scarcity due to land use change can be addressed by restoring functional and ecosystem services of contaminated land. Physico-chemical remediation options are criticized as being costly and not providing environment-friendly solutions. The use of plants and associated microorganisms could be a sustainable, cost-effective option to reduce pollutant exposure. Phytomanagement aims at using valuable non-food crops to alleviate environmental and health risks induced by pollutants, and at restoring ecosystem services. Suitable plant species must be tolerant to contaminants, reduce their transfer into the food chain, and efficiently produce marketable biomass. Based on Miscanthus' capacity to sequestrate inorganic contaminants into the root system and to induce dissipation of persistent organic contaminants in soil, these plant species are favorable for phytostabilization and phytodegradation. Among Miscanthus species, the noninvasive hybrid Miscanthus × giganteus, with a high lignocellulosic content, is a promising biomass crop for the bio-economy, notably the biorefinery and bioenergy industries. Planting this species on contaminated and marginal land is a promising option to avoid changes in arable land use to mitigate the food vs. biofuel controversy. Key issues in promoting sustainable management of Miscanthus sp. on contaminated land are: (a) crop suitability, integration, and sustainability in a region with a potential local market; (b) site suitability in relation to the species' requirements and potential, (c) biotic interactions in the landscape diversity; and (d) increase in shoot yields in line with various stressors (e.g., pollutants, drought, cold temperatures), and with minimal inputs.
受土地利用变化影响而产生的潜在健康危害和土地稀缺问题，可以通过恢复污染土地的功能和生态系统服务来加以解决。物理化学修复方法被认为成本高，且无法提供环境友好型解决方案。利用植物及其相关微生物可能是一种可持续且具有成本效益的选择，可以减少污染物暴露。植物管理旨在利用有价值的非食用作物来减轻污染物引起的环境和健康风险，并恢复生态系统服务。合适的植物物种必须具有抗污染能力，减少污染物向食物链的转移，并有效地生产可销售的生物质。根据芒属植物将无机污染物隔离在根系中，并诱导土壤中持久性有机污染物消散的能力，这些植物品种有利于植物稳定和植物降解。在芒属植物中，非入侵杂交芒属植物（Miscanthus × giganteus）具有较高的木质纤维素含量，是生物经济，特别是生物精炼厂和生物能源产业有前途的生物质作物。在污染和边缘土地上种植该物种是避免改变耕地用途以减轻粮食与生物燃料争议的一种很有前途的选择。在污染土地上可持续管理芒属植物的关键问题是：（a）在具有潜在本地市场的地区，作物的适用性、整合性和可持续性；（b）与物种需求和潜力相关的场地适用性；（c）景观多样性中的生物相互作用；以及（d）增加与各种胁迫因素（如污染物、干旱、低温）相关的地上生物量，同时尽量减少投入。
