Whitehead P C, Macdonald S
Int J Addict. 1987 May;22(5):455-67. doi: 10.3109/10826088709027441.
Sulkunen's observations that international trends in the consumption of alcoholic beverages involve quantitative as well as qualitative homogenization of drinking practices are tested against the experience of Canada and its provinces from the mid 1960s to late 1970s. Per capita consumption of spirits, beer, and wine, and the contribution of each of these types of alcoholic beverages to total consumption are examined for each province for the fiscal years 1966, 1972, and 1978. On the whole, the findings are consistent with worldwide trends. Per capita consumption is increasing generally and there is a trend toward greater similarity in per capita consumption across the provinces (quantitative homogenization). Consumption of different types of beverages is becoming more similar (qualitative homogenization) and increases in the beverage with the lowest share of the market (i.e., wine) appear to be additive to overall consumption. The observation that increases in consumption of the traditional types of beverages have the most impact on overall consumption is not observed for beer, but is observed in the case of spirits. Implications for public health and social policy are discussed.
苏尔库宁关于酒精饮料消费的国际趋势涉及饮酒习惯的数量及质量同质化的观察结果，通过加拿大及其各省在20世纪60年代中期至70年代后期的经验进行检验。对1966年、1972年和1978年财政年度每个省份的烈酒、啤酒和葡萄酒的人均消费量，以及这些类型的酒精饮料各自对总消费量的贡献进行了考察。总体而言，研究结果与全球趋势一致。人均消费量普遍增加，各省之间人均消费量有趋同趋势（数量同质化）。不同类型饮料的消费越来越相似（质量同质化），市场份额最低的饮料（即葡萄酒）的消费量增加似乎对总消费量有累加作用。传统类型饮料的消费量增加对总消费量影响最大这一观察结果，在啤酒方面未观察到，但在烈酒方面观察到了。文中还讨论了对公共卫生和社会政策的影响。
