Kaiser Saskia, Buchner Axel, Bell Raoul
Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 28;16(12):e0260699. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260699. eCollection 2021.
The aim of this study was to examine whether positive and negative mood states affect auditory distraction in a serial-recall task. The duplex-mechanism account differentiates two types of auditory distraction. The changing-state effect is postulated to be rooted in interference-by-process and to be automatic. The auditory-deviant effect is attributed to attentional capture by the deviant distractors. Only the auditory-deviant effect, but not the changing-state effect, should be influenced by emotional mood states according to the duplex-mechanism account. Four experiments were conducted to test how auditory distraction is affected by emotional mood states. Mood was induced by autobiographical recall (Experiments 1 and 2) or the presentation of emotional pictures (Experiments 3 and 4). Even though the manipulations were successful in inducing changes in mood, neither positive mood (Experiments 1 and 3) nor negative mood (Experiments 2 and 4) had any effect on distraction despite large samples sizes (N = 851 in total). The results thus are not in line with the hypothesis that auditory distraction is affected by changes in mood state. The results support an automatic-capture account according to which the auditory-deviant effect and the changing-state effect are mainly stimulus-driven effects that are rooted in the automatic processing of the to-be-ignored auditory stream.
本研究的目的是检验在系列回忆任务中，积极和消极情绪状态是否会影响听觉分心。双重机制理论区分了两种类型的听觉分心。变化状态效应被假定源于过程干扰且是自动的。听觉偏差效应归因于偏差干扰物引起的注意捕获。根据双重机制理论，只有听觉偏差效应，而非变化状态效应，会受到情绪状态的影响。进行了四项实验来测试情绪状态如何影响听觉分心。情绪通过自传式回忆（实验1和2）或呈现情绪图片（实验3和4）来诱发。尽管这些操作成功地诱发了情绪变化，但无论是积极情绪（实验1和3）还是消极情绪（实验2和4），在样本量较大（总共N = 851）的情况下，对分心均无任何影响。因此，结果不符合情绪状态变化会影响听觉分心的假设。结果支持自动捕获理论，根据该理论，听觉偏差效应和变化状态效应主要是由刺激驱动的效应，源于对要忽略的听觉流的自动处理。
