Opportunities and challenges in CO utilization.

CO utilizations are essential to curbing the greenhouse gas effect and managing the environmental pollutant in an energy-efficient and economically-sound manner. This paper seeks to critically analyze these technologies in the context of each other and highlight the most important utilization avenues available thus far. This review will introduce and analyze each major pathway, and discuss the overall applicability, potential extent, and major limitations of each of these pathways to utilizing CO. This will include the analysis of some previously underreported utilization avenues, including CO utilization in industrial filtration and the processing of raw industrial materials such as iron and alumina. The core theme of this paper is to seek to treat CO as a commodity instead of a liability.