Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Plant Mol Biol. 2022 Feb;108(3):175-224. doi: 10.1007/s11103-021-01232-x. Epub 2021 Dec 29.
An overview is presented of recent advances in our knowledge of candidate proteins that regulate various physiological and biochemical processes underpinning plant adaptation to saline conditions. Salt stress is one of the environmental constraints that restrict plant distribution, growth and yield in many parts of the world. Increased world population surely elevates food demands all over the globe, which anticipates to add a great challenge to humanity. These concerns have necessitated the scientists to understand and unmask the puzzle of plant salt tolerance mechanisms in order to utilize various strategies to develop salt tolerant crop plants. Salt tolerance is a complex trait involving alterations in physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. These alterations are a result of genomic and proteomic complement readjustments that lead to tolerance mechanisms. Proteomics is a crucial molecular tool that indicates proteins expressed by the genome, and also identifies the functions of proteins accumulated in response to salt stress. Recently, proteomic studies have shed more light on a range of promising candidate proteins that regulate various processes rendering salt tolerance to plants. These proteins have been shown to be involved in photosynthesis and energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, gene transcription and protein biosynthesis, compatible solute production, hormone modulation, cell wall structure modification, cellular detoxification, membrane stabilization, and signal transduction. These candidate salt responsive proteins can be therefore used in biotechnological approaches to improve tolerance of crop plants to salt conditions. In this review, we provided comprehensive updated information on the proteomic data of plants/genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance in response to salt stress. The roles of salt responsive proteins that are potential determinants for plant salt adaptation are discussed. The relationship between changes in proteome composition and abundance, and alterations observed in physiological and biochemical features associated with salt tolerance are also addressed.
本文概述了我们对候选蛋白的最新认识，这些候选蛋白调节了植物适应盐胁迫的各种生理生化过程。盐胁迫是限制世界许多地区植物分布、生长和产量的环境限制因素之一。世界人口的增加肯定会提高全球对粮食的需求，这对人类来说是一个巨大的挑战。这些问题促使科学家们了解并揭开植物耐盐机制的谜团，以便利用各种策略来培育耐盐作物。耐盐性是一种复杂的特性，涉及生理、生化和分子过程的改变。这些改变是基因组和蛋白质组互补调整的结果，导致了耐盐机制。蛋白质组学是一种至关重要的分子工具，它可以指示基因组表达的蛋白质，并确定响应盐胁迫积累的蛋白质的功能。最近，蛋白质组学研究更深入地揭示了一系列有希望的候选蛋白，这些蛋白调节各种过程，使植物具有耐盐性。这些蛋白质已被证明参与光合作用和能量代谢、离子稳态、基因转录和蛋白质生物合成、相容性溶质的产生、激素调节、细胞壁结构修饰、细胞解毒、膜稳定和信号转导。因此，这些候选的盐响应蛋白可以用于生物技术方法来提高作物对盐胁迫的耐受性。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于植物/基因型在盐胁迫下响应盐胁迫的蛋白质组数据的全面更新信息。讨论了盐响应蛋白作为植物盐适应的潜在决定因素的作用。还讨论了蛋白质组组成和丰度的变化与与耐盐性相关的生理生化特征的变化之间的关系。
