School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650091, China.
Plant Cell Rep. 2024 May 29;43(6):154. doi: 10.1007/s00299-024-03237-4.
Integrated omics analyses outline the cellular and metabolic events of hemp plants in response to salt stress and highlight several photosynthesis and energy metabolism related pathways as key regulatory points. Soil salinity affects many physiological processes of plants and leads to crop yield losses worldwide. For hemp, a crop that is valued for multiple aspects, such as its medical compounds, fibre, and seed, a comprehensive understanding of its salt stress responses is a prerequisite for resistance breeding and tailoring its agronomic performance to suit certain industrial applications. Here, we first observed the phenotype of salt-stressed hemp plants and found that under NaCl treatment, hemp plants displayed pronounced growth defects, as indicated by the significantly reduced average height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. Next, we conducted comparative proteomics and metabolomics to dissect the complex salt-stress response mechanisms. A total of 314 proteins and 649 metabolites were identified to be differentially behaving upon NaCl treatment. Functional classification and enrichment analysis unravelled that many differential proteins were proteases associated with photosynthesis. Through metabolic pathway enrichment, several energy-related pathways were found to be altered, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of branched-chain amino acids, and our network analysis showed that many ribosomal proteins were involved in these metabolic adaptations. Taken together, for hemp plants, influences on chloroplast function probably represent a major toxic effect of salinity, and modulating several energy-producing pathways possibly through translational regulation is presumably a key protective mechanism against the negative impacts. Our data and analyses provide insights into our understanding of hemp's stress biology and may lay a foundation for future functional genomics studies.
综合组学分析概述了大麻植物对盐胁迫的细胞和代谢事件，并强调了几个与光合作用和能量代谢相关的途径作为关键调控点。土壤盐度会影响植物的许多生理过程，导致全球作物产量损失。对于大麻这种因其医用化合物、纤维和种子等多方面而受到重视的作物来说，全面了解其对盐胁迫的反应是进行抗性育种和调整其农艺性能以适应某些工业应用的前提。在这里，我们首先观察了盐胁迫下大麻植物的表型，发现在 NaCl 处理下，大麻植物表现出明显的生长缺陷，平均高度、叶片数量和叶绿素含量显著降低。接下来，我们进行了比较蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析，以剖析复杂的盐胁迫响应机制。共鉴定到 314 种差异表达蛋白和 649 种差异代谢物。功能分类和富集分析表明，许多差异表达蛋白与光合作用有关，是蛋白酶。通过代谢途径富集分析，发现几个与能量相关的途径发生了改变，如支链氨基酸的生物合成和降解，我们的网络分析表明，许多核糖体蛋白参与了这些代谢适应。总之，对于大麻植物来说，叶绿体功能的影响可能代表盐胁迫的主要毒性作用，通过翻译调控来调节几个产生能量的途径可能是对抗负面影响的关键保护机制。我们的数据和分析为我们理解大麻的应激生物学提供了新的视角，并可能为未来的功能基因组学研究奠定基础。
