Newcomb M D, Bentler P M
Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1986 Winter;6(2):73-96. doi: 10.1300/J251v06n02_06.
The use of cocaine has become quite prevalent among many segments of society, with increasing public concern and personal difficulties resulting from it. This study examines a large group of young adults to determine how cocaine users differ from nonusers. Fully one-third of the sample had used cocaine in the past six months, with about 5% reporting weekly or more use. Numerous important differences were found between users and nonusers in regard to sociodemographic characteristics, use of other licit and illicit drugs, deviant attitudes and behavior, social context of use, physical health, mental health, and life satisfaction. Differences increased with greater involvement with the drug, to the point where cocaine abusers were strikingly different than nonusers. The largest distinctions were noted in regard to cocaine users having more difficulty in the successful acquisition of adult role responsibilities, greater use of other drugs, engaging in more deviant behaviors, and immersion in a social context conducive to use. Smaller but noteworthy differences revealed that cocaine users had poor physical and emotional health statuses and lowered life satisfaction, compared to nonusers. Finally, several personality traits, and in particular a lack of law abidance, predicted a significant increase in cocaine use from adolescence to young adulthood.
可卡因的使用在社会的许多阶层中已变得相当普遍，由此引发了越来越多的公众关注和个人问题。本研究调查了一大群年轻人，以确定可卡因使用者与非使用者之间的差异。样本中足足三分之一的人在过去六个月内使用过可卡因，约5%的人报告每周或更频繁使用。在社会人口统计学特征、其他合法和非法药物的使用、越轨态度和行为、使用的社会背景、身体健康、心理健康以及生活满意度等方面，使用者与非使用者之间发现了许多重要差异。随着对毒品的更多涉入，差异不断增加，以至于可卡因滥用者与非使用者显著不同。最大的差异在于，可卡因使用者在成功承担成人角色责任方面困难更大，更多地使用其他药物，从事更多越轨行为，并且置身于有利于使用毒品的社会环境中。较小但值得注意的差异表明，与非使用者相比，可卡因使用者的身心健康状况较差，生活满意度较低。最后，几种人格特质，尤其是缺乏守法意识，预示着从青少年到青年期可卡因使用量会显著增加。
