Konings E, Dubois-Arber F, Narring F, Michaud P A
Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland.
J Adolesc Health. 1995 Mar;16(3):240-7. doi: 10.1016/1054-139X(94)00098-Y.
To explore the proportion and characteristics of adolescents who use illicit drugs and contrast them with adolescents who do not use such drugs in Switzerland. To facilitate the detection of adolescents with drug related difficulties.
We used data from a national survey on adolescent health in Switzerland (N = 9,273) conducted in 1992 and 1993. The survey is based on self-administered questionnaires among a representative sample of adolescents enrolled in schools and apprenticeship programs. We used exploratory analysis for identifying characteristics which set the drug user apart from non-users and performed confirmatory multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine which variables remain independently associated with heroin or cocaine use.
In Switzerland, 3.1% of adolescents have taken heroin or cocaine at least once in their life, and 27.7% have already used cannabis. Analysis of lifestyles and health of adolescents show that young drug users present difficulties in integrating in society, have health problems and difficulties in relationships, situations which tend to be less common among other adolescents. Yet, they also display marked similarities, most notably in that over 70% had seen a physician in the past year. However, while 40% of the drug users expressed a need for help with drug related problems, only 6% had actually talked about them with a physician. Characteristics that remained independently associated with heroin and cocaine use after controlling for confounding factors were age, sex, nationality, type of education, feelings of suicide, past and present smoking, and use of cannabis.
The level of illicit drug use among Swiss adolescents is high compared to other European countries but lower than the United States. Drug-using adolescents display a constellation of characteristics which should make it possible to identify them and offer help. Yet, even though they may have frequent contact with the health services, their drug problems are generally not recognized by the gatekeepers of the health services and no specific aid is available to them. Drug prevention must be intensified and medical doctors sensitized to the drug problems which adolescents may face.
探究瑞士使用非法药物的青少年的比例及特征，并将他们与不使用此类药物的青少年进行对比。以促进对有药物相关问题的青少年的检测。
我们使用了1992年和1993年在瑞士进行的一项全国青少年健康调查的数据（N = 9273）。该调查基于对就读于学校和学徒项目的具有代表性的青少年样本进行的自填问卷。我们使用探索性分析来确定使吸毒者与非吸毒者区分开来的特征，并进行验证性多变量逻辑回归分析，以检验哪些变量仍然与海洛因或可卡因的使用独立相关。
在瑞士，3.1%的青少年一生中至少吸食过一次海洛因或可卡因，27.7%的青少年已经使用过大麻。对青少年生活方式和健康的分析表明，年轻的吸毒者在融入社会方面存在困难，有健康问题和人际关系问题，这些情况在其他青少年中往往不太常见。然而，他们也有明显的相似之处，最显著的是超过70%的人在过去一年里看过医生。然而，虽然40%的吸毒者表示需要帮助解决与药物相关的问题，但实际上只有6%的人与医生谈论过这些问题。在控制混杂因素后，与海洛因和可卡因使用仍然独立相关的特征包括年龄、性别、国籍、教育类型、自杀念头、过去和现在的吸烟情况以及大麻的使用。
与其他欧洲国家相比，瑞士青少年非法药物使用水平较高，但低于美国。吸毒青少年表现出一系列特征，这应该使识别他们并提供帮助成为可能。然而，尽管他们可能经常与医疗服务机构接触，但他们的药物问题通常未被医疗服务机构的把关人所认识，也没有针对他们的具体援助。必须加强药物预防，并提高医生对青少年可能面临的药物问题的认识。
