APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Mol Metab. 2022 Mar;57:101427. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427. Epub 2021 Dec 29.
Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients.
This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods - effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration.
Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions.
尽管经过了几十年的研究，体重管理仍然是一个尚未解决的临床问题。与体重失调相关的健康问题，如肥胖和恶病质，表现出几种肠道微生物群的改变。人们越来越有兴趣利用肠道微生物群来控制体重，因为它对干预有反应，并在从食物中提取能量以及营养物质的生物转化方面发挥重要作用。
本文综述了肠道微生物群在两种与体重失调相关的疾病（肥胖和恶病质）中观察到的生理和代谢改变中的作用。其次，我们评估了不同策略的现有证据，包括热量限制、间歇性禁食、生酮饮食、减肥手术、益生菌、益生元、合生元、高纤维饮食和发酵食品-对体重和肠道微生物群组成的影响。这种方法用于深入了解体重控制和肠道微生物群结构之间可能存在的联系。
尽管体重与肠道微生物群组成之间存在广泛的关联，但在将与微生物群相关的干预措施转化为人类体重控制方面，取得的成功有限。单独操纵肠道微生物群不足以改变体重，需要结合多种策略进行未来研究，以增强生活方式干预的效果。
