Daniel Hannelore
ex. School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Gut Microbiome (Camb). 2022 Dec 12;4:e1. doi: 10.1017/gmb.2022.10. eCollection 2023.
Research on the gut microbiome has gained high popularity and almost every disease has meanwhile been linked to alterations in microbiome composition. Typically assessed via stool samples, the microbiome displays a huge diversity with a multitude of environmental parameters already identified as contributing to its character. Despite impressive scientific progress, normal microbiome diversity remains largely unexplained and it is tempting to speculate some of the yet unexplained variance is hidden in normal gut physiology. Although a few genome/phenome-wide associations studies have recently highlighted physiological parameters such as stool frequency, known as contributing to microbiome diversity, there is a large knowledge base from decades of basic research on gut functions that can be explored for possible links to stool features and microbiome characteristics. And, when extrapolating findings from faecal samples to the biology in the intestinal lumen or the mucosal microenvironment, gut anatomy and physiology features need to be considered. Similarly, differences in anatomy and physiology between rodents and humans need attention when discussing findings in animals in relation to human physiology and nutrition.
肠道微生物组的研究已广受欢迎，与此同时，几乎每种疾病都与微生物组组成的改变有关。微生物组通常通过粪便样本进行评估，其表现出巨大的多样性，众多环境参数已被确定对其特征有影响。尽管取得了令人瞩目的科学进展，但正常微生物组的多样性在很大程度上仍无法解释，因此很容易推测，一些尚未解释的变异隐藏在正常的肠道生理过程中。尽管最近一些全基因组/全表型关联研究强调了诸如排便频率等生理参数对微生物组多样性的影响，但数十年来关于肠道功能的基础研究有大量的知识库，可用于探索与粪便特征和微生物组特征之间可能存在的联系。而且，当将粪便样本的研究结果外推至肠腔或黏膜微环境中的生物学现象时，需要考虑肠道的解剖结构和生理特征。同样，在讨论动物研究结果与人类生理和营养的关系时，需要注意啮齿动物和人类在解剖结构和生理方面的差异。
