School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 238, Yunhua West Street, Jinzhong Shanxi, 030603, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Mar 1;305:114382. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114382. Epub 2021 Dec 29.
The spatial distributions, sources, and source-specific risk apportionments of 26 antibiotics (5 categories) in the Fenhe River basin were determined based on sample data. The results showed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the surface water. There were significant differences between the different types of antibiotics, and the highest mean concentration was that of the sulfonamide category (33.74 ng/L), accounting for 36% of the total antibiotic concentration. Spatially, all antibiotics were mainly detected in the middle and downstream areas. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the significant risk rate of antibiotics accounted for 70% and was mainly distributed in the downstream area; however, the risks differed between the 5 categories. Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest significant risk rate, reaching 100%. The ecological risk associated with sulfamethoxazole was the highest among all detected antibiotics. The following five main factors influenced the antibiotic concentrations: aquaculture, pharmaceutical wastewater, livestock discharges, domestic sewage, and sewage treatment plants. Among these, pharmaceutical wastewater sources contributed the most (35%) to the total antibiotic concentration, and were distributed throughout the river. Although livestock discharges were not the main reason for the high level of ecological risk, these discharges were highest at certain sites in the midstream region. Different pollution sources posed different levels of ecological risk to the Fenhe River basin, the highest of which was pharmaceutical wastewater with a significant risk rate of 58%.
基于采样数据，确定了汾河流域 26 种抗生素（5 类）的空间分布、来源和特定来源的风险分配。结果表明，抗生素在地表水中广泛分布。不同类型的抗生素之间存在显著差异，磺胺类抗生素的平均浓度最高（33.74ng/L），占抗生素总浓度的 36%。在空间上，所有抗生素主要在中下游地区被检测到。生态风险评估结果表明，抗生素的显著风险率占 70%，主要分布在下游地区；然而，这 5 类抗生素的风险存在差异。喹诺酮类抗生素的显著风险率最高，达到 100%。磺胺甲恶唑的生态风险是所有检测到的抗生素中最高的。以下五个主要因素影响抗生素浓度：水产养殖、制药废水、牲畜排放、生活污水和污水处理厂。其中，制药废水源对总抗生素浓度的贡献最大（35%），并分布在整条河流中。尽管牲畜排放不是造成高生态风险的主要原因，但这些排放物在中游地区的某些地点含量最高。不同的污染源对汾河流域造成了不同程度的生态风险，其中制药废水的风险最大，显著风险率为 58%。
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