Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Apr 15;817:152689. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152689. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
The terrestrial, freshwater and marine realms all provide essential ecosystem services in urban environments. However, the services provided by each realm are often considered independently, which ignores the synergies between them and risks underestimating the benefits derived collectively. Greater research collaboration across these realms, and an integrated approach to management decisions can help to support urban developments and restoration projects in maintaining or enhancing ecosystem services. The aim of this paper is to highlight the synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services provided by each realm and to offer suggestions on how to improve current practice. We use case studies to illustrate the flow of services across realms. In our call to better integrate research and management across realms, we present a framework that provides a 6-step process for conducting collaborative research and management with an Australian perspective. Our framework considers unifying language, sharing, and understanding of desired outcomes, conducting cost-benefit analyses to minimise trade-offs, using multiple modes of communication for stakeholders, and applying research outcomes to inform regulation. It can be applied to improve collaboration among researchers, managers and planners from all realms, leading to strategic allocation of resources, increased protection of urban natural resources and improved environmental regulation with broad public support.
陆地、淡水和海洋领域在城市环境中都提供了重要的生态系统服务。然而，每个领域提供的服务往往被视为相互独立的，这忽略了它们之间的协同作用，并有可能低估了集体获得的好处。在这些领域之间加强研究合作，并采取综合管理决策方法，可以帮助支持城市发展和恢复项目，以维持或增强生态系统服务。本文旨在强调每个领域提供的生态系统服务之间的协同作用和权衡，并就如何改进当前实践提出建议。我们使用案例研究来说明服务在领域之间的流动。在呼吁更好地在各个领域整合研究和管理时，我们提出了一个框架，该框架提供了一个具有澳大利亚视角的 6 步协作研究和管理过程。我们的框架考虑了统一语言、共享和理解预期结果、进行成本效益分析以最小化权衡、使用多种利益相关者沟通模式以及将研究成果应用于监管。它可以应用于改善来自各个领域的研究人员、管理者和规划者之间的合作，从而实现资源的战略分配、增加城市自然资源的保护以及在广泛的公众支持下改善环境监管。
