College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Apr 10;816:152721. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152721. Epub 2021 Dec 31.
Various microorganisms are transported worldwide via the water and sediments inside ship ballast tanks. Nevertheless, the ecological functions and assembly processes of bacterial communities in ballast water and sediments remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the bacterial composition, community assembly processes, and putative functions through analyses of 70 ballast water and sediment samples obtained from various ships. The results showed that the ballast sediments contained a higher diversity of bacterial communities, whereas the ballast water was characterized by the dominance of Proteobacteria. Both the composition and potential function structures of bacterial communities were clearly different between the ballast water and sediment samples. The ballast water exhibited an abundance of microorganisms that involved in sulfur oxidation, whereas the bacterial species associated with nitrogen metabolism were abundant in the sediments. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the communities in ballast sediment samples possessed more complex network structures with higher modularity and positive associations among bacterial populations. Stochastic processes, especially the dispersal limitation process played the most important influence in the assembly of the communities in ballast water. Meanwhile, the bacterial communities in the ballast sediments were primarily governed by the homogeneous selection of determinacy. The results from this study will help us understand the ecological processes related to the bacterial communities in the ballast tanks and provide a foundation for the management of ballast water and sediments.
各种微生物通过船舶压载舱内的水和沉积物在全球范围内传播。然而，压载水中和沉积物中细菌群落的生态功能和组装过程仍知之甚少。在这里，我们通过分析从各种船舶获得的 70 个压载水和沉积物样本，研究了细菌的组成、群落组装过程和潜在功能。结果表明，压载沉积物中含有更高多样性的细菌群落，而压载水中以变形菌门的优势度为主。压载水和沉积物样本中细菌群落的组成和潜在功能结构明显不同。压载水中含有大量参与硫氧化的微生物，而与氮代谢相关的细菌物种在沉积物中丰富。共现网络分析表明，压载沉积物样本中的群落具有更复杂的网络结构，具有更高的模块性和细菌种群之间的正关联。随机过程，特别是扩散限制过程，对压载水中群落的组装影响最大。同时，压载沉积物中的细菌群落主要受到确定性的均匀选择的控制。本研究的结果将有助于我们了解压载舱中细菌群落的相关生态过程，并为压载水和沉积物的管理提供基础。
