Wang Zhi-Zhi, Ye Xi-Qian, Huang Jian-Hua, Chen Xue-Xin
Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2022 Feb;49:85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.12.007. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
RNA interference pathways mediated by different types of small non-coding RNAs (siRNAs, miRNAs and piRNAs) are conserved biological responses to exotic stresses, including viral infection. Aside from the well-established siRNA pathway, the miRNA pathway and the piRNA pathway process viral sequences, exogenously or endogenously, into miRNAs and piRNAs, respectively. During the host-virus interaction, viral sequences, including both coding and non-coding sequences, can be integrated as endogenous viral elements (EVEs) and thereby become present within the germline of a non-viral organism. In recent years, significant progress has been made in characterizing the biogenesis and function of viruses and EVEs associated with snRNAs. Overall, the siRNA pathway acts as the primarily antiviral defense against a wide range of exogenous viruses; the miRNA pathways associated with viruses or EVEs function in antiviral response and host gene regulation; EVE derived piRNAs with a ping-pong signature have the potential to limit cognate viral infection.
由不同类型的小非编码RNA（小干扰RNA、微小RNA和Piwi互作RNA）介导的RNA干扰途径是对包括病毒感染在内的外来胁迫的保守生物学反应。除了已确立的小干扰RNA途径外，微小RNA途径和Piwi互作RNA途径分别将外源性或内源性病毒序列加工成微小RNA和Piwi互作RNA。在宿主与病毒的相互作用过程中，包括编码和非编码序列在内的病毒序列可以作为内源性病毒元件整合进来，从而存在于非病毒生物体的种系中。近年来，在表征与小核RNA相关的病毒和内源性病毒元件的生物发生和功能方面取得了重大进展。总体而言，小干扰RNA途径作为主要的抗病毒防御机制，抵御多种外源病毒；与病毒或内源性病毒元件相关的微小RNA途径在抗病毒反应和宿主基因调控中发挥作用；具有乒乓特征的内源性病毒元件衍生的Piwi互作RNA有可能限制同源病毒感染。
