Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2022 Mar;119(3):685-692. doi: 10.1002/bit.28029. Epub 2022 Jan 15.
Endogenous RNAs that control posttranscriptional gene expression are microRNAs (miRNAs). These small regulatory molecules play a crucial role in certain biological processes and their expression is often strictly regulated. They are small 21-24 nucleotide molecules that act as major regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. One of the mechanisms by which miRNAs control the gene expression is to interact the interaction of the seeds with the 3'-end and and more seldom the 5'-end of mRNA transcribed by the target genes. miRNAs have been identified as important cytoplasmic regulators of gene expression. miRNAs function as posttranscriptional regulators of their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets by mRNA degradation and/or translational repression. It is becoming evident, however, that miRNAs have nuclear functions as well. About the cell type, the physiological state of the body, and various external factors, the following explanation will summarize the complex multilevel regulation of miRNA expression. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling miRNA expression will provide clarification of the variations in the expression of protein-coding genes.
内源性 RNA 可以控制转录后基因表达，这些小分子 RNA（miRNA）起着至关重要的作用，它们的表达通常受到严格调控。miRNA 是 21-24 个核苷酸大小的分子，主要在转录后水平上作为基因表达的主要调控因子。miRNA 控制基因表达的机制之一是与靶基因转录的 mRNA 的 3’端和/或更罕见的 5’端进行相互作用。miRNA 已被鉴定为细胞质中基因表达的重要调节因子。miRNA 通过 mRNA 降解和/或翻译抑制，作为其信使 RNA（mRNA）靶标的转录后调节剂。然而，miRNA 也具有核功能这一点变得越来越明显。关于细胞类型、身体的生理状态和各种外部因素，以下解释将总结 miRNA 表达的复杂多层次调节。更好地理解控制 miRNA 表达的分子机制将有助于阐明蛋白质编码基因表达的变化。
