生活方式因素与多维衰弱的关联：一项社区居住老年人的横断面研究。
Associations between lifestyle factors and multidimensional frailty: a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling older people.
机构信息
Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jan 3;22(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02704-x.
BACKGROUND
Multidimensional frailty, including physical, psychological, and social components, is associated to disability, lower quality of life, increased healthcare utilization, and mortality. In order to prevent or delay frailty, more knowledge of its determinants is necessary; one of these determinants is lifestyle. The aim of this study is to determine the association between lifestyle factors smoking, alcohol use, nutrition, physical activity, and multidimensional frailty.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in two samples comprising in total 45,336 Dutch community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older. These samples completed a questionnaire including questions about smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, sociodemographic factors (both samples), and nutrition (one sample). Multidimensional frailty was assessed with the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI).
RESULTS
Higher alcohol consumption, physical activity, healthy nutrition, and less smoking were associated with less total, physical, psychological and social frailty after controlling for effects of other lifestyle factors and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants (age, gender, marital status, education, income). Effects of physical activity on total and physical frailty were up to considerable, whereas the effects of other lifestyle factors on frailty were small.
CONCLUSIONS
The four lifestyle factors were not only associated with physical frailty but also with psychological and social frailty. The different associations of frailty domains with lifestyle factors emphasize the importance of assessing frailty broadly and thus to pay attention to the multidimensional nature of this concept. The findings offer healthcare professionals starting points for interventions with the purpose to prevent or delay the onset of frailty, so community-dwelling older people have the possibility to aging in place accompanied by a good quality of life.
背景
多维衰弱，包括身体、心理和社会方面，与残疾、生活质量下降、医疗保健利用增加和死亡率增加有关。为了预防或延缓衰弱，需要更多了解其决定因素；其中一个决定因素是生活方式。本研究旨在确定生活方式因素吸烟、饮酒、营养、身体活动与多维衰弱之间的关系。
方法
这项横断面研究在两个样本中进行，共包括 45336 名 65 岁或以上的荷兰社区居住者。这些样本完成了一份问卷，其中包括吸烟、饮酒、身体活动、社会人口因素（两个样本）和营养（一个样本）的问题。多维衰弱使用蒂尔堡衰弱指标（TFI）进行评估。
结果
在控制其他生活方式因素和参与者的社会人口特征（年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入）的影响后，较高的酒精消费、身体活动、健康的营养和较少的吸烟与总衰弱、身体衰弱、心理衰弱和社会衰弱程度较低有关。身体活动对总衰弱和身体衰弱的影响相当大，而其他生活方式因素对衰弱的影响较小。
结论
这四种生活方式因素不仅与身体衰弱有关，而且与心理和社会衰弱有关。衰弱领域与生活方式因素的不同关联强调了广泛评估衰弱的重要性，从而注意到这一概念的多维性质。研究结果为医疗保健专业人员提供了干预的起点，以预防或延缓衰弱的发生，从而使社区居住的老年人有可能在身体状况良好的情况下，安享晚年。
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