Philosophy and Social Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Str., Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, 277 Matão Str., São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2022 Jan 3;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s13002-021-00499-0.
Drawing on Phillipe Descola's comparative analysis of ontological regimes across cultures, this article identifies analogism guiding ethnobiological repertories among two distinctive traditional tropical forest communities in Brazil.
We carried out participant observation, semi-structured interviews and informal dialog with 48 individuals, among quilombolas of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil and ribeirinhos of the Amazon.
We documented 60 traditional practices governed by analogical principles, comprising hunting, ethnomedical practices, food taboos, and other interactions with non-human entities. We also identify and classify the analogical principles reported in the field data. Based on this classification, we address the phenomenological dimension of the ethnobiological repertoires and discuss the epistemological and ontological foundations of this form of reasoning. We also hypothesize on the role of analogism shaping ethnobiological repertories more generally in Brazil.
The heuristic model we apply-articulating phenomenology, epistemology and ontology-could prove valuable in ethnobiology and the emerging field of "anthropology beyond the human."
本文借鉴了菲利普·德·索拉（Philippe Descola）对不同文化中存在论模式的比较分析，确定了指导巴西两个具有特色的热带森林社区民族生物学分类的类推原则。
我们对来自东南大西洋森林的 quilombolas 和亚马逊河的 ribeirinhos 的 48 人进行了参与式观察、半结构化访谈和非正式对话。
我们记录了 60 种受类推原则支配的传统实践，包括狩猎、民族医学实践、食物禁忌以及与非人类实体的其他互动。我们还在实地数据中识别和分类了报告的类推原则。在此分类的基础上，我们探讨了民族生物学分类的现象学维度，并讨论了这种推理形式的认识论和本体论基础。我们还假设类推在更广泛的巴西塑造民族生物学分类方面的作用。
我们应用的启发式模型——将现象学、认识论和本体论联系起来——可能对民族生物学和新兴的“超越人类的人类学”领域具有重要价值。
