Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias para Sustentabilidade , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, João Leme dos Santos Highway 110 km, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780 Brazil, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, João Leme dos Santos Highway 110 km, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil.
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, 8600 Hisaichi Takebayashi Highway, Atibaia, SP, 12.952-011, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2020 Feb 21;16(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13002-020-0359-3.
As a leading practice of Homo sapiens' environmental experience for hundreds of millennia, hunting continues to evoke key research inquiries in the fields of archaeology, human ecology, and conservation biology. Broadly speaking, hunting has been mainly a subject of qualitative-symbolic and quantitative-materialistic schemata of analyze, among anthropologists and biologists, respectively. However, the phenomenological dimension of the hunting experience, in the course of individuals` everyday life, received little academic attention until this century. This study analyzes the daily praxis of hunting among quilombolas (descendants from runaway African slaves) in Southeast Brazil, making use of an ethnographic approach of phenomenological orientation, which dialogue with central ethnobiological issues. The authors also report the local ecological knowledge about mammals hunted in the area, and its relationship to the scientific literature on this subject.
Between 2016 and 2019, the authors made use of participant observation and informal interviews among eight key local participants, in three quilombola communities in the Ribeira Valley (São Paulo, Brazil). Fragments of authors' field notes and parts of interviewers' speeches make up the core results obtained.
Articulating local knowledge to scientific literature, this study yielded a hybrid and comprehensive narrative about natural history of the mammals in the area. The authors also accessed elementary aspects of research participants' experience in hunting, such as strategies, tactics, motivations, and feelings. They reveal a set of human behavior dispositions that seems to emerge only in the context of the action, modulating the praxis of hunting on the course of individuals' everyday life.
Ethnography, ethnobiology, and natural sciences backgrounds were systematically articulated in this research. This made possible to get a contextualized and multifaceted understanding of hunting praxis in the Ribeira Valley, an important socioenvironmental context of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The role of an ethnographic approach applied to ethnoecological and biological conservation issues is especially considered here.
作为人类数百万年环境经验的主要实践活动，狩猎在考古学、人类生态学和保护生物学领域仍然引发着关键的研究问题。广义而言，狩猎一直是人类学家和生物学家分别进行定性-象征性和定量-物质性分析的主要课题。然而，直到本世纪，狩猎经验的现象学维度才在个体日常生活中引起学术界的关注。本研究利用现象学取向的民族志方法，分析了巴西东南部 quilombolas（逃亡非洲奴隶的后裔）的日常狩猎实践，该方法与核心民族生物学问题进行了对话。作者还报告了该地区被狩猎哺乳动物的当地生态知识及其与该主题科学文献的关系。
在 2016 年至 2019 年间，作者利用参与观察和对 8 名关键当地参与者的非正式访谈，在里贝拉谷（巴西圣保罗州）的三个 quilombola 社区进行了研究。作者的田野笔记片段和访谈者讲话的部分内容构成了获得的核心结果。
将当地知识与科学文献联系起来，本研究产生了一个关于该地区哺乳动物自然历史的混合和全面的叙述。作者还了解了研究参与者狩猎经验的基本方面，如策略、战术、动机和感受。他们揭示了一系列似乎只在行动背景下才会出现的人类行为倾向，调节了个体日常生活中狩猎的实践。
本研究系统地将民族志、民族生物学和自然科学背景联系起来。这使得人们能够在巴西大西洋森林重要的社会环境背景下，对里贝拉谷的狩猎实践进行具有上下文和多方面的理解。这里特别考虑了应用于民族生态学和生物保护问题的民族志方法的作用。
