Department of Marcus Felson, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX
Department of Silas Nogueira de Melo, História e Geografia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
Violence Vict. 2021 Dec 1;36(6):723-738. doi: 10.1891/VV-D-20-00074.
Several researchers have linked the configuration of public places to the risk of sexual attack against women, including rape. Based on the routine activity approach and crime pattern theory, we expect to find the greatest risk of outdoor urban rape near public places that are "target rich," "offender rich," and "guardian poor." We apply the theory to 193 outdoor rape locations in Campinas, Brazil, 2010-2013. We measure distances to the nearest bus stops, bars, and residences, then compare each of these to the distance from points in the same city. Consistent with theory, outdoor rape victimizations occur disproportionately near bus stops and bars, but at least 250 meters away from the location of the nearest residence of any type. This baseline model suggests that urban planners could make women more secure from outdoor sexual attack by improving the design and location of public places, reducing the concealment of such places, and enhancing guardianship.
一些研究人员将公共场所的布局与女性遭受性攻击的风险（包括强奸）联系起来。基于日常活动和犯罪模式理论，我们预计在“目标丰富”、“罪犯丰富”和“保护者匮乏”的公共场所附近，室外城市强奸的风险最大。我们将这一理论应用于 2010-2013 年巴西坎皮纳斯市的 193 个室外强奸地点。我们测量了到最近的公共汽车站、酒吧和住所的距离，然后将每个距离与同一城市中其他点的距离进行了比较。与理论一致的是，室外强奸案件不成比例地发生在公共汽车站和酒吧附近，但距离任何类型的最近住所至少 250 米。这个基线模型表明，城市规划者可以通过改善公共场所的设计和位置、减少这些场所的隐蔽性以及加强保护来使女性更安全，免受室外性攻击。
