van Norren D
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1987;31(1):41-9.
The role that electroretinography (ERG) has played in the past and might play in the future in the study of color vision deficiencies is discussed in this paper. First, an example is given of how Copenhaver and Gunkel concluded in 1958 the absence of the green cone system in deuteranopia before Rushton, with the more direct method of densitometry, reached the same conclusion. Padmos and van Norren showed in 1971 that chromatic adaptation did not change a dichromat's spectral sensitivity curve, which fits the model of a loss system. A comparison between dichromats' spectral sensitivity curves based on the rapid off-response and recent data on single monkey receptors showed a slight but systematic discrepancy, indicative of a rod contribution in the off-response method. Carriers of color vision deficiencies might be more readily detected with an ERG than with a psychophysical method. The early receptor potential (ERP) seems a less suitable means to study color vision deficiencies. The blue cones form an interesting subject of study since they seem to be the most vulnerable cone type. With an ERG method a localization of acquired tritan deficiencies is possible. A recent finding is that blue cones are substantially more sensitive to light damage than either rods, or red or green cones.
本文讨论了视网膜电图（ERG）在过去对色觉缺陷研究中所起的作用以及未来可能发挥的作用。首先，给出一个例子，1958年科彭哈弗和冈克尔如何在拉什顿之前就得出了绿色视锥系统在绿色盲中缺失的结论，而拉什顿采用更直接的密度测定法也得出了相同的结论。帕德莫斯和范诺伦在1971年表明，颜色适应并没有改变二色视者的光谱灵敏度曲线，这与损失系统模型相符。基于快速熄灭反应的二色视者光谱灵敏度曲线与近期关于单个猴子受体的数据之间的比较显示出轻微但系统的差异，这表明在熄灭反应方法中存在视杆细胞的贡献。与心理物理学方法相比，利用视网膜电图可能更容易检测出色觉缺陷携带者。早期感受器电位（ERP）似乎不太适合用于研究色觉缺陷。蓝色视锥细胞是一个有趣的研究对象，因为它们似乎是最易受损的视锥细胞类型。采用视网膜电图方法可以对获得性蓝色色盲进行定位。最近的一项发现是，蓝色视锥细胞对光损伤的敏感度比视杆细胞、红色或绿色视锥细胞高得多。
