Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Curr Microbiol. 2022 Jan 4;79(2):59. doi: 10.1007/s00284-021-02686-4.
Dermatophytoses representing a major global health problem and dermatophyte species with reduced susceptibility to antifungals are increasingly reported. Therefore, we investigated for the first time the antidermatophyte activity and phytochemical properties of the sequential extracts of the Egyptian privet Henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity of chloroform, diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol 80%, and aqueous extracts were evaluated. The antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts (HLE) toward 30 clinical dermatophytes isolates, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and T. rubrum, was determined. Morphological changes in hyphae were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Following the polarity of ethanol and acetone, they exhibited distinct efficiency for the solubility and extraction of polyphenolic polar antioxidants from henna leaves. Fraxetin, lawsone, and luteolin-3-O-glucoside were the major phenolic compounds of henna leaves, as assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. A high and significant positive correlation was found between TPC, TF, the antioxidants, and the antidermatophyte activities of HLE. Acetone and ethanol extracts exhibited the highest antifungal activity toward the tested dermatophyte species with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges 12.5-37.5 and 25-62.5 µg/mL, respectively. Structural changes including collapsing, distortion, inflating, crushing of hyphae with corrugation of walls, and depressions on hyphal surfaces were observed in SEM analysis for dermatophyte species treated with MICs of griseofulvin, acetone, and ethanol extracts. In conclusion, acetone and ethanolic extracts of henna leaves with their major constituent fraxetin exhibited effective antifungal activity toward dermatophyte species and may be developed as an alternative for dermatophytosis treatment. These findings impart a useful insight into the development of an effective and safe antifungal agent for the treatment of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes.
皮肤癣菌病是一个全球性的重大健康问题，而且抗真菌药物敏感性降低的皮肤癣菌种类也越来越多。因此，我们首次研究了埃及指甲花（Lawsonia inermis）叶的连续提取物的抗皮肤癣菌活性和植物化学成分。评估了氯仿、二乙醚、丙酮、80%乙醇和水提取物的总酚含量（TPC）、总类黄酮（TF）和抗氧化活性。测定了指甲花叶提取物（HLE）对 30 株临床皮肤癣菌分离株（包括毛癣菌属、犬小孢子菌和红色毛癣菌）的抗真菌活性。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析研究了菌丝形态的变化。根据乙醇和丙酮的极性，它们对指甲花叶中多酚极性抗氧化剂的溶解度和提取表现出明显的效率。高效液相色谱分析评估指甲花叶中的主要酚类化合物为：瑞香素、大黄素和木犀草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷。TPC、TF、抗氧化剂和 HLE 的抗皮肤癣菌活性之间存在高度显著的正相关。丙酮和乙醇提取物对测试的皮肤癣菌物种表现出最高的抗真菌活性，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围分别为 12.5-37.5 和 25-62.5μg/mL。在 SEM 分析中，用 MIC 处理的皮肤癣菌物种的菌丝观察到结构变化，包括菌丝的坍塌、扭曲、膨胀、压碎以及菌丝表面的凹陷和波纹。综上所述，指甲花的丙酮和乙醇提取物及其主要成分瑞香素对皮肤癣菌具有有效抗真菌活性，可能被开发为治疗皮肤癣菌病的替代药物。这些发现为开发治疗皮肤癣菌引起的浅部真菌感染的有效和安全的抗真菌药物提供了有用的见解。
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