Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern.
Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Patho-biology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2022 Jan;164(1):71-78. doi: 10.17236/sat00338.
The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a wild canid new to Switzerland. It is an officially monitored species and all deceased individuals are submitted for post-mortem examination to collect baseline health data. This includes parasitological examinations, with an emphasis on zoonotic, reportable infections, such as those caused by Trichinella spp. or Echinococcus spp. From 2016 to 2021, five golden jackals originating from four Swiss cantons were submitted for full post-mortem examination. In one case only organ samples were available, and therefore parasitological examination was not possible. Parasite stages recovered during necropsy, as well as by routine coproscopical techniques, were morphologically identified. Taeniid eggs and adult tapeworms were processed for molecular species identification. Additionally, tongue and diaphragm were analysed for Trichinella spp. by the artificial digestion technique followed by multiplex-PCR in positive cases. Of the four jackals investigated for parasites, hookworm eggs were detected in one animal, both adult worms and eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis were present in another case, and one animal was free of parasites. Eggs of E. multilocularis as well as eggs of Toxocara canis and sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were detected in the intestinal content, and Trichinella britovi larvae were found in the muscle samples of the last case. The health monitoring programme in place for protected carnivores in Switzerland allowed us to add the golden jackal to the list of hosts for the endemic zoonotic parasites E. multilocularis and T. britovi in this country. Hunters, farmers, and other persons who could come in contact with golden jackals should be aware of the associated health risk and handle faeces and carcasses with caution.
金豺（Canis aureus）是一种新出现于瑞士的野生犬科动物。它是受官方监测的物种，所有死亡个体都要提交尸检，以收集基线健康数据。这包括寄生虫学检查，重点是检测可能传染给人类的、需要报告的感染，如旋毛虫病或包虫病。2016 年至 2021 年，来自瑞士四个州的五只金豺被提交进行全面尸检。在一个案例中，只有器官样本可用，因此无法进行寄生虫学检查。在尸检过程中以及通过常规粪便镜检技术回收寄生虫阶段，并通过形态学鉴定进行鉴定。回收的带绦虫卵和成虫绦虫被用于分子物种鉴定。此外，通过人工消化技术和阳性病例中的多重 PCR 对舌和横膈膜进行旋毛虫病检测。在对寄生虫进行调查的四只豺中，一只动物的粪便中检测到钩虫卵，另一只动物的粪便中同时存在成虫和棘球蚴虫卵，还有一只动物没有寄生虫。在肠道内容物中检测到棘球蚴虫卵和犬蛔虫卵以及肉孢子虫的裂殖体，在最后一只动物的肌肉样本中发现旋毛虫幼虫。瑞士对受保护的食肉动物实施的健康监测计划使我们能够将金豺添加到该国地方性人畜共患寄生虫棘球蚴病和旋毛虫病的宿主名单中。猎人、农民和其他可能接触到金豺的人应该意识到相关的健康风险，并谨慎处理粪便和尸体。
