Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P.R. China.
Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
J Food Biochem. 2022 Feb;46(2):e14066. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14066. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
To promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers in rice production, two hybrid rice varieties with different amylose contents (16.43% and 27.58%) were selected to study the yield and quality performance of different quality rice varieties under reduced nitrogen/phosphorus conditions. Thus, the specific mechanism of the long-term nitrogen/phosphorus reduction effect on the quality of low- and high-amylose content (16.43% and 27.58%) rice was investigated by comparative analyses of the rapid visco analyzer and X-ray diffraction patterns, amylose contents, and starch structures of the samples. The results revealed that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the quality and yield of the hybrid rice was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer. Indeed, reducing the former increased the Wx gene expression and amylose content of the rice varieties. Moreover, it reduced the starch crystallinity of Yixiangyou 1108 (2.16%), increasing the space between the starch grains and thus, chalkiness. Reducing nitrogen/phosphorus application did not significantly affect the yield and quality of the high-amylose rice but affected that of the high-quality rice with lower amylose contents. Thus, for high-amylose rice created for processing, appropriate chemical fertilizer reduction will not affect their yield and processing demand. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fertilization with different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers will seriously affect rice quality. The rice varieties with low amylose content (AC) could produce high taste quality rice by increasing nitrogen fertilizer and decreasing phosphorus fertilizer. The rice varieties with relatively high ACs should reduce the application of nitrogen/phosphorus fertilizer to appropriately increase AC, which can be used to produce healthy food with high resistant starch.
为了促进水稻生产中化肥的减量化和增效，选择了两种直链淀粉含量不同（16.43%和 27.58%）的杂交水稻品种，研究了在减少氮/磷条件下不同品质水稻品种的产量和品质表现。因此，通过对快速粘度分析仪和 X 射线衍射图谱、直链淀粉含量和淀粉结构的比较分析，研究了长期氮/磷减少对低直链淀粉含量（16.43%）和高直链淀粉含量（27.58%）水稻品质的长期氮/磷减少效应的具体机制。结果表明，氮肥对杂交水稻的品质和产量的影响大于磷肥。事实上，减少前者增加了水稻品种的 Wx 基因表达和直链淀粉含量。此外，它降低了 Yixiangyou 1108（2.16%）的淀粉结晶度，增加了淀粉颗粒之间的空间，从而增加了垩白度。减少氮/磷的施用量对高直链淀粉水稻的产量和品质没有显著影响，但对低直链淀粉含量的优质水稻的产量和品质有影响。因此，对于用于加工的高直链淀粉水稻，适当减少化肥用量不会影响其产量和加工需求。实际应用：不同氮磷肥料的施肥会严重影响稻米品质。直链淀粉含量低（AC）的水稻品种可通过增加氮肥和减少磷肥来生产出高口感品质的稻米。相对直链淀粉含量较高的水稻品种应减少氮/磷肥料的施用量，适当增加直链淀粉含量，可用于生产高抗性淀粉的健康食品。
