Animal Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Zipcode: 78060-900, Brazil.
Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Integrated Chemical Science Research Laboratories, Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop Campus, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Cidade Jardim, Sinop, MT, Zipcode: 78550-728, Brazil.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Feb;121:362-369. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.048. Epub 2022 Jan 2.
Selenium (Se) is a mineral with natural antioxidant properties that constitutes a number of enzymes with a fundamental role in the immunity and antioxidant systems and may confer a protective role against oxidative stress in fish following exposure to physical stressors. Adopting an integrated approach, this study investigated simultaneously the role of hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) supplementation in performance, hematological parameters, innate immune, antioxidant capacity and tissue Se retention of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and the possible protective role of dietary selenium when fish are exposed to a physical stressor (transport). Juvenile specimens (15.71 ± 1.90 g) were fed one of five diets: a basal unsupplemented diet (0.0 mg kg Se) or diets supplemented with OH-SeMet to provide 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mg kg Se of diet for 75 days prior to subjection of fish to transport stress. Dietary supplementation with Se in the form of OH-SeMet for 75 days did not affect the production performance of juvenile tambaqui, but increased innate immunity parameters (oxidative burst) from the Se inclusion level of 0.6 mg kg and induced the activation of the antioxidant defense system (GPX, GSH and GST) especially at the Se inclusion level of 0.9 mg kg. In addition, the Se content in the fillet rose significantly, as the OH-SeMet contents in the diet were increased. The stress caused by transport resulted in alterations in hematological parameters, blood protein profile and immune and enzymatic responses in the species. However, Se supplementation at 0.9 mg kg had a positive effect, increasing innate immunity and activating antioxidant defenses (CAT and GPx, especially) after this physical stressor was applied. These results demonstrate that, when submitted to transport stress, juvenile tambaqui use Se stored in the muscle and dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet at 0.9 mg kg improves the innate immunity and antioxidant system parameters of fish after transport. These findings reinforce the need for supplementing hydroxy-selenomethionine in commercial diets for tambaqui to ensure tissue Se reserves as a contingency in cases of stress.
硒（Se）是一种具有天然抗氧化特性的矿物质，它构成了许多在免疫系统和抗氧化系统中具有基础作用的酶，并且可能在鱼类暴露于物理应激源后对氧化应激提供保护作用。本研究采用综合方法，同时研究了羟基硒蛋氨酸（OH-SeMet）补充对提灯鱼（Colossoma macropomum）性能、血液学参数、先天免疫、抗氧化能力和组织硒保留的作用，以及当鱼类暴露于物理应激源（运输）时，膳食硒可能发挥的保护作用。将 15.71±1.90g 的幼鱼分别投喂 5 种饲料中的一种：基础未补充饲料（0.0mg/kg Se）或补充 OH-SeMet 的饲料，以提供 0.3、0.6、0.9 和 1.2mg/kg Se 的饲料，在将鱼暴露于运输应激之前预饲 75 天。75 天以 OH-SeMet 形式补充硒对提灯鱼的生产性能没有影响，但从 0.6mg/kg Se 的添加水平开始增加了先天免疫参数（氧化爆发），并诱导了抗氧化防御系统（GPX、GSH 和 GST）的激活，特别是在 0.9mg/kg Se 的添加水平下。此外，随着饲料中 OH-SeMet 含量的增加，鱼片的硒含量显著增加。运输引起的应激导致该物种的血液学参数、血液蛋白谱以及免疫和酶反应发生改变。然而，在施加这种物理应激源后，0.9mg/kg Se 的补充具有积极作用，增加了先天免疫并激活了抗氧化防御（CAT 和 GPx，尤其是）。这些结果表明，当提灯鱼暴露于运输应激时，肌肉中储存的硒和 0.9mg/kg 的 OH-SeMet 饲料补充可改善鱼类在运输后的先天免疫和抗氧化系统参数。这些发现强调了在提灯鱼商业饲料中补充羟基硒蛋氨酸以确保组织硒储备作为应激情况下的应急措施的必要性。
