Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Phys Sportsmed. 2023 Jun;51(3):228-233. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2026200. Epub 2022 Jan 13.
The International Judo Federation (IJF) implemented new regulations in an attempt to regulate rapid weight loss in 2013. The body weight of the athletes cannot be more than 5% higher than the upper limits of their weight categories at the weight check for randomly selected athletes from each weight category before the competition. However, therea lack of studies demonstrating rapid weight loss and hydration status of elite judo athletes in a real match atmosphere under the current refereeing rules. Thus, this study aimed to examine the body mass and hydration changes of elite judo athletes a week before the competition, official weigh-in, and 24 hours after competition.
Eight high-level male judo athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Body mass and urinary measures of hydration status were collected a week before, at the official weigh-in and 24-hour post-weigh-in.
The one-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect of time on body mass (p < 0.001). Body mass decreased by 5.4 ± 0.7 kg or 6.8% from a week before the competition to official weigh-in (p < 0.001) and increased by 3.0 ± 1.1 kg or 4.2% from official weigh-in to 24-h post-competition (p < 0.001). A significant effect of time was also found in both urine-specific gravity (USG) (p < 0.001) and urine color (UC) among the measurements (p = 0.001). Athletes' USG values were at the highest level (USG = 1.030 ± 0.001) at the official weigh-in, while they decreased significantly at 24-hour post-competition (USG = 1.017 ± 0.007).
The results showed that elite judo athletes resort to rapid weight loss and present dehydration despite established regulations by the IJF.
国际柔道联合会（IJF）于 2013 年实施了新规定，试图规范快速减重行为。在比赛前，通过随机抽检，对每个级别运动员的体重进行检查，运动员的体重不能比其所在体重级别上限超出 5%。然而，在现行裁判规则下，缺乏研究展示精英柔道运动员在真实比赛氛围中的快速减重和脱水状态。因此，本研究旨在检查精英柔道运动员在比赛前一周、正式称重和称重后 24 小时的体重和水合状态变化。
8 名高水平男性柔道运动员自愿参加了这项研究。在比赛前一周、正式称重和称重后 24 小时收集体重和尿液水合状态测量值。
单向重复测量方差分析显示，时间对体重有显著的主效应（p<0.001）。与比赛前一周相比，正式称重时体重下降了 5.4±0.7kg 或 6.8%（p<0.001），从正式称重到比赛后 24 小时体重增加了 3.0±1.1kg 或 4.2%（p<0.001）。在尿液比重（USG）和尿液颜色（UC）的测量中也发现了时间的显著影响（p<0.001）。运动员的 USG 值在正式称重时处于最高水平（USG=1.030±0.001），而在比赛后 24 小时显著下降（USG=1.017±0.007）。
尽管 IJF 有规定，但研究结果表明，精英柔道运动员还是采用了快速减重策略，出现了脱水现象。
