Ceylan Bayram, Aydos Latif, Šimenko Jožef
Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey.
Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Mar 24;11(4):500. doi: 10.3390/biology11040500.
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 5% rapid weight loss on hydration status and judo performance in highly trained judo athletes. Methods: Eighteen male judo athletes participated in the study and were divided into two groups: control and rapid weight loss (RWL). RWL athletes were given 48 h to cut 5% of their body mass while the control group followed their routines. Athletes performed three measurements, including hydration, body mass and three consecutive special judo fitness tests (SJFTs). At the 1st and 6th minutes following each SJFT and 1st, 6th and 15th minutes following the last SJFT, blood lactate and heart rate (HR) was monitored. Results: The effect of RWL on variables was tested with split-plot ANOVA. RWL significantly affected urine specific gravity with a higher value following weight loss compared to baseline and recovery (F2-32 = 13.2, p < 0.001). In addition, athletes’ SJFT total throw numbers differed among measurements (F2-32 = 7.70, p < 0.001). Athletes presented worse SJFT index after weight loss (F2-32 = 8.05, p = 0.01; F1-16 = 6.43, p = 0.02, respectively). HR changed significantly among measurements days and times (F28-448 = 143.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion: RWL induced dehydration and impaired heart rate recovery in highly trained judo athletes, and they could not rehydrate between competition simulated weigh-in and 15 h of recovery.
本研究旨在调查5%的快速体重减轻对高水平柔道运动员水合状态和柔道表现的影响。方法：18名男性柔道运动员参与了该研究，被分为两组：对照组和快速减重（RWL）组。RWL组运动员有48小时来减掉其体重的5%，而对照组则按常规训练。运动员进行了三项测量，包括水合状态、体重以及三项连续的特殊柔道体能测试（SJFTs）。在每次SJFT后的第1分钟和第6分钟以及最后一次SJFT后的第1分钟、第6分钟和第15分钟，监测血乳酸和心率（HR）。结果：采用裂区方差分析测试RWL对各项变量的影响。RWL对尿比重有显著影响，减重后的值高于基线和恢复后的水平（F2,32 = 13.2，p < 0.001）。此外，运动员在不同测量中的SJFT总投掷次数存在差异（F2,32 = 7.70，p < 0.001）。运动员在减重后SJFT指数变差（分别为F2,32 = 8.05，p = 0.01；F1,16 = 6.43，p = 0.02）。心率在测量日和测量时间之间有显著变化（F28,448 = 143.10，p < 0.001）。结论：RWL导致高水平柔道运动员脱水并损害心率恢复，且他们在模拟比赛称重和15小时恢复期间无法补充水分。
