Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore.
Duke-NUS Medical School, Koo Teck Puat Building, 8 College Road, Singapore.
Indian J Pediatr. 2022 Apr;89(4):387-394. doi: 10.1007/s12098-021-03976-2. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
Medications delivered in the inhaled form remains the cornerstone of medical management of asthma. There have been considerable advances in the development of inhaled medications and devices over the past several decades. Clinicians also have access to regularly updated international guidelines for management of asthma. Despite this, a substantial proportion of children with asthma continue to have persistent poor asthma control and considerable morbidity even in well-resourced settings. The wide selection of medications and devices may complicate clinical decision making. The ideal inhaler would be one that the patient can and will use as advised. One cannot overemphasize the importance of medication adherence and a correct inhaler technique in achieving optimal asthma control. Clinicians who manage children with asthma should have a good understanding of inhaled medications and devices commercially available for the management of asthma and this would help them select the right medication and device for the right patient. This review aims to provide an overview of physiologic basis of inhaler therapy, commonly used inhaled therapies, and the advances in the field of inhaler devices including emerging technologies.
吸入给药仍然是哮喘医学治疗的基石。在过去几十年中，吸入药物和装置的开发取得了相当大的进展。临床医生还可以获得定期更新的哮喘管理国际指南。尽管如此，即使在资源充足的环境中，仍有相当一部分哮喘儿童的哮喘控制持续不佳，发病率相当高。药物和装置的广泛选择可能会使临床决策复杂化。理想的吸入器应该是患者能够并愿意按照建议使用的吸入器。不能过分强调药物依从性和正确的吸入技术在实现最佳哮喘控制方面的重要性。管理哮喘儿童的临床医生应该充分了解可用于哮喘管理的商业上可用的吸入药物和装置，这将有助于他们为合适的患者选择合适的药物和装置。本篇综述旨在提供吸入疗法的生理学基础、常用吸入疗法以及吸入装置领域的进展（包括新兴技术）的概述。
