Centro para la Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 Jan;174:113281. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113281. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
Marine debris, in particular plastic debris and debris related to fishing activities, have an impact on marine mammals and seabirds. In marine-coastal species such as otariids, we can detect the incidence of these interactions through land-based observations. In this study, we recorded and described interactions between marine debris and the otariids Arctocephalus australis and Otaria byronia in a natural protected area in Peru, according to age class categories. Between 2016 and 2020, we recorded 151 animals that were directly impacted and/or were observed interacting with marine debris. Residual collars from fishing gear, ropes, plastic bags and unidentified material were recorded. Direct interactions with debris at colonies (e.g., plastic bags) were also recorded, as well as animals evidenced interacting with hooks. The age class category and species with the highest number of individuals impacted by residual collars were adult female A. australis and subadult male O. byronia. Single-use plastics were the most commonly bitten/moved waste by animals in the reserve. In the case of hooks, these were mostly lodged in the mouths of otariids. Our results highlight the importance of continuing to promote segregation at source, as well as the correct disposal of waste, locally and globally, to mitigate impacts on marine fauna.
海洋垃圾，特别是塑料垃圾和与渔业活动有关的垃圾，对海洋哺乳动物和海鸟有影响。在海洋沿海物种如海豹中，我们可以通过陆基观察来检测这些相互作用的发生。在本研究中，我们根据年龄类别记录和描述了秘鲁自然保护区内的南象海豹（Arctocephalus australis）和澳氏豹形海豹（Otaria byronia）与海洋垃圾之间的相互作用。在 2016 年至 2020 年期间，我们记录了 151 只直接受到影响和/或观察到与海洋垃圾相互作用的动物。记录了渔具、绳索、塑料袋和未识别材料的残留项圈。还记录了在聚居地与碎片的直接相互作用（例如塑料袋），以及有证据表明与钩子相互作用的动物。受残留项圈影响的个体数量最多的年龄类别和物种是成年雌性南象海豹和亚成体雄性澳氏豹形海豹。在保护区内，动物最常咬/移动的一次性塑料废物。就钩子而言，这些钩子大多卡在了海豹的嘴里。我们的结果强调了继续在源头上促进分类以及在当地和全球范围内正确处理废物的重要性，以减轻对海洋动物群的影响。
